A bill passed by the parliament becomes an act if the president gave his assent on the bill.Article 111–When the parliament present the bill for the assent of president on the bill then he have 3 alternatives—
a).He may give his assent on the bill,
b).He may withhold his assent on the bill,
c).He may also return the bill (if it is not a money bill) for reconsideration by the parliament.
And,If the bill send again by the parliament with or without amendment then the president is obligatory to give his assent on the bill.Thus,the constitution of India also provide veto power on the bills for the president,such as withhold the assent on the bill.
There are mostly 4 types of veto in the modern states of the world—1).Absolute veto,2).Qualified veto,3).Suspensive veto,4).Pocket veto.
But,the president of India have only 3 types of veto-1.Absolute veto-It refers the power of president to withhold the assent on the bill.So,the bill then ends and not become an act.Usually,The Absolute veto use on the following matters-
a).With respect to the private members bills(i.e bills passed by the members of parliament who is not a minister).
b).With respect to the govt.bills when cabinet resign then new govt, deny to gave the assent to the president.
In 1954,President D.R Rajender Prasad use this Absolute veto on the PEPSU appropriation Bill passed by the parliament.
In 1991,president R.venkataraman also use this veto on the salary,allowance and pension of MPs amendment bill passed by parliament.2.Suspensive veto—The president exercise this veto when return the bill for The reconsider by the parliament,But if the parliament send the bill again for the assent then the president is obligatory to give his assent on the bill.(Except money bill).3.Pocket veto —In this case,the president does not take any action on the bill and simply keep the bill into his pocket for an indefinite period.
In 1986,President Zail Singh use the pocket veto on the Indian post office(amendment) bill,which was passed under the Rajiv Gandhi govt. Governor in respect of state legislature bill have one more option other than 3 options of president on the bill and it is that he can also reserve the bill for the recommendation of president.And, President have pocket veto on the state legislature bills.
According to the 24th amendment act,1971 president does not have power to use veto on the constitutional amendment bills,the president is obligatory to gave his assent on the constitutional amendment bills.