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Naming unsaturated hydrocarbons (Alkanes (Branched (Find and name parent…
Naming unsaturated hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Straight
Count number of carbons
Name it based on the number
Branched
Find and name parent chain
count number of carbons in a way to to make substituent attached to the smallest number on the chain
name and identify position of alkyl group
if alkyl group appears more than once add prefix
Write alkyl group in alphabetical order
Cyclic
use cycloalkane as parent chain
number cycloalkanes, giving substituted carbons the lowest number
number according to alphabetical order
Alkenes
Straight
count number of carbons and specify bond( double bond )
Number the chain to give the double bond the lowest value
If more than one double bond is provided add prefixes in the middle of the parent chain
Branched
Find the longest continuous chain
Find the bond’s position by numbering the carbons giving it the smallest/lowest number
Write the number of the bond before the parent's chain name
If more than one double bond is provided add prefixes in the middle of the parent chain
Name and number any branched alkyl group in an alphabetical order
Cyclic
Locate double bond
cycloalkane is the parent chain
Number the carbons of a cycloalkane, start with the carbon nearest to the double bond so that it has the lowest number
Place the number of the bond before the parent chain
Cyclo following the parent's chain name
Alkynes
Straight
count number of carbons and specify bond( double bond )
Number the chain to give the double bond the lowest value
If more than one double bond is provided add prefixes in the middle of the parent chain
Branched
Count number of carbons and specify type of bond (Triple bond)
Find the bond’s position by numbering the carbons giving it the smallest/lowest number
Write the number of the bond before the parent's chain name
If more than one double bond is provided add prefixes in the middle of the parent chain
Name and number any branched alkyl group in an alphabetical order
Benzene
Common Names
Toluene (1 Methyl)
Xylene (2 methyl)
1,3 (Meta)
1,4 (Para)
1,2 (Ortho)
IUPAC Branched
Number them
Order in alphabetical order, including the numbers
Name Alkyl branched groups
Phenyl
Benzene acts as an Alkyl (Phenyl) group if:
Connected to a 6 or more parent chain
connected to a functional group (Double or Triple bond)