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Changes in State (Changes Between Liquid and Gas (Vaporization...........…
Changes in State
Changes Between Liquid and Gas
Vaporization............occurs when a liquid gains enough energy to become a gas
evaporation
only takes place on the surface of a liquid
boiling
takes place inside a liquid as well as on the surface
Boiling Point and Air Pressure
boiling point of a substance depends on the pressure of the air above the liquid, the lower the air pressure, the less energy that liquid molecules need to escape into the air
Condensation
occurs when gas particles lose enough thermal energy to become a liquid
RAIN
Energy and Changes in State
the energy that the particles of a substance have is called thermal energy
the amount of thermal energy in a substance depends partly on its temperature and the way particles are arranged
transferred by heat
flows from a warmer substance to a cooler substance
when heated, particles gain energy and move faster
heat leaves substance, it loses energy, particles move slower
substance changes state when its thermal energy increases or decreases by a large amount
liquid: more
gas: most
solid: least amount
Changes Between Liquid and Solid
Melting
the change in state from a solid to a liquid is melting. increase in thermal energy
freezing
freezing is the change of state from liquid to solid. decrease in thermal energy
Changes Between Solid and Gas
Sublimation
occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy to become a gas
Identifying Substances Through Changes of State
comparing melting points and boiling points can help identify an unknown material