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3.3.3 Halogenoalkanes (Nucleophilic substitution: (conditions: (aqueous,…
3.3.3 Halogenoalkanes
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Ozone depletion:
Ozone, formed naturally in the upper atmosphere, is beneficial because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation.
Chlorine atoms are formed in the upper atmosphere when ultraviolet radiation causes C–Cl bonds in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to break.
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Appreciate that results of research by different groups in the scientific community provided evidence for legislation to ban the use of CFCs as solvents and refrigerants. Chemists have now developed alternative chlorine-free compounds e.g. HCFCs
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CFCs
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short chain ones are gaseous; used as refrigerants, aerosol
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Elimination:
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a hydrogen halide is eliminated from the molecule, leaving a double bond, forming an alkene
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Properties:
contain polar Cδ+ --- Xδ- bond as halogens are more electronegative than carbon; bond polarity decreases down the group; C is electron deficient
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