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Patient has circulatory problems and Sickle Cell Anemia (Anatomy (4…
Patient has circulatory problems and Sickle Cell Anemia
Upstream Cause
: hereditary history of sickle cell anemia
Physiology
Functions of Macromolecules
Lipids:
major form of stored energy; deposits fat
Nucleic Acids:
make up DNA
Carbs:
provide a ready, easily used source of cellular fuel
Proteins
: building blocks
Anatomy
Cell Structure
Cytoplasm
: Intracellular fluid packed with organelles
Organelles
Golgi apparatus
: modify and package proteins
Peroxisomes
: detoxify harmful substances
Endoplasmic Reticulum
:
Rough
- manufacture all proteins secreted from cells
Smooth
- metabolizes lipids, synthesize lipids, detoxify
Lysosomes:
digesting particles, degrading dead cells
Ribosomes
: make soluble proteins ; forms rough ER
Cytoskeleton
: supports cellular structures
Mitochondria
: power plant of the cell ; provides most of ATP
Cilia
: move substances
Nucleus
: Organelle that controls cellular activities; lies in cell's center, holds DNA
DNA Structure
: long double-stranded, ATCG bases, Pentose sugar is deoxyribose, alternating sugar/phosphate to create ladder called double helix
Plasma Membrane
: Outer boundary of cell; selectively permeable
4 Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
: groups of molecules that include sugars and starches
Subunit- Monosaccharides
: single chain structures containing 3-7 carbon atoms
Lipids:
insoluble in water; contain O2, H, C
Subunit- Triglycerides
: provide stored energy; build of fatty acids and glycerol
Nucleic Acid
: largest molecules in the body
Subunit-Nucleotide
: made up of nitrogen bases, pentose sugars, and a phosphate group
Protein Structure
: amino acids- building blocks, 20 common types
either base or acid
Peptide Bond:
Long chains of amino acid joined together by dehydration synthesis.
Red blood cells contort into a sickle shape and die early, leaving a shortage of red blood cells
can block blood flow causing pain, infection, and fatigue