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Are the soul and body two separate things? (image Physicalism/…

- - - - Charioteer analogy
        
        :horse_racing::skin-tone-3: shows that the soul is divided into 3 parts, and their relationships.
        :horse_racing::skin-tone-3: charioteer = reason/ rational part; the eternal part which searches for the truth and keeps other aspects of soul under control.
        :horse_racing::skin-tone-3: White horse = thumos
        the spirited part which includes emotions and character traits, note: these should not be associated w/ reason.
        :horse_racing::skin-tone-3: Black horse = appetative
        Human desires and human drives, dies w/ the body
      - :recycle: soul recycle scheme!
        :fallen_leaf:The soul is eternal and cannot die because it separate to the body and belongs to the world of the forms.
        :fallen_leaf:It is superior to the body, but comes to the earth and is imprisoned by it.
        :fallen_leaf:At death, the soul either returns to another body in the world of the Forms, or contemplate in the Form of the Good.
        :leaves:The soul is also perfect and changeless. Permanent realities also include logic, love and abstract idea (size/ height/ colour)
  - - - Modern science has proven that most of the argument is false
        modern neuroscience shows that there is a close correlation between the mind and the brain + that it is false to say that the mind is non-divisible; when brain is damaged; certain aspects of the mind is damaged, which shows that mind is physical (trauma), and linked to the body.
        Descartes internationalism is incorrect: Descartes referred to the pineal gland as as the principle seat of the soul where all thoughts are formed. Although the function of the pineal gland is not enteriely know, many scientists are certain that this is false.
        
        It is not possible to detect a soul using scientific methods.
      - Why doesn't it work?
        Problematical as the mind cannot be distinctive from the body, becomes a circular argument... Cartesian circle. ASK TUCKER
      - All elements of the soul are seen as necessary, but not all are seen to survive: Appetative (natural desire to satisfy bodily needs) and spiritual elements seem to be connected by bodily life. If the soul is free when the body dies, what happens to the appetative part which is connected to the body? The soul would no longer be complete. if only some pats of the soul survive, then there is an issue of personal identity.
      - :ghost:Gilbert Ryle (British Materialist philosopher) dismisses dualism as a theory about 'a ghost in a machine' ; the workings of the mind are not independent of the workings of the body. Therefore, mind dies w/ body.
    - - rational / logical argument mkaes snese doesn't have any contradictions.
      - gives meaning to our existence
        Bryan Magee "the Theory that there is another world gives value and meaning to our present world."
- - - - Believes that everything can be explained as matter and there is no soul, just the body!
        Humans are biological evolutionary machines, and body enables genes to survive and pass them down through reproduction. For Dawkins, everything is evolution!
        
        Evaluation
        
        Raises wesknesses is Cartesian Dualism; how a non physcial mind can interact with physical matter --. Descarte's interactionailsm has been proved by modern nuersocitists to be false.
        Scientific
    - - Reduces human person to physical matter (reductionism).
  - - - Cryonics: freezing -196 deg Centigrade
      - Elon Musk: Neuralink, already done in rats and monkeys.
      - Evaluation
        
        Would the person be the same person?
        
        Strengths
- - - - More logical than functionalism, Physicists can never truly reduce consciousness/ qualia to something that is purely physical, DAM shows that consciousness cannot be explained physically, but is still inseparable from the body. This is compatible with many peoples understanding of consciousness.
    - - Supports prior beliefs like Panpsychism and Aristotles herachy of the soals: Pansychism agrees with DAM becuase if all matter has conciousness, then it must also have physical and mental characteristics. PP could explain why animals have conciounsess, but to a lesser degree, becuase their fundamnetal substamces also have a conciousness.
    - - Many scientists reject the idea that psycho-physical reality can be reduced to one basic substance: The substance that the mind and matter are supposedly underpinned by is yet undiscovered, so some scientists reject this claim.
        
        However, Supported by quantum theory:, this could be a scientific approach as quantum theory is all based on undiscovered quarks and yet it is still widely accepted, and modern particle physics would not make sense without them. In quantum mechanics there is a well regarded concept know as the partical duality of light (an electron can act as both a wave and a particle).
      - Incompatible with religious belief as the idea of the soul becomes redundant: Many Christiansm, for exampke, believe that the soul is required for spiritual existence after death, but if the mental aspects of a person are engaged to their physical matter, then it discounts the need for a soul. Becuase all mental forms is believed to belong to an underlying physical substance, it also makes all forms of dualism redundant.