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The patient has a broken elbow and the bone in his upper arm is protruding…
The patient has a broken elbow and the bone in his upper arm is protruding through his skin
The child never consumes any dairy products and only eats junk food and fast food
The child is lactose intolerant
The child was running and fell on his right arm
The child has an open (compound) fracture from his humerus protruding his skin
The child will require surgery in order to correctly close the open fracture and remove the bone fragments
After surgery, the child will need to be placed in a sling, cast, or brace to help the bone properly heal
A new change in diet will help the bone heal faster
Even though the child is lactose intolerant he can still gain the necessary calcium from leafy greens and dried fruits
The child will need to continue to follow up with his doctor to make sure his fracture is healing up correctly
Physical therapy is heavily advised to help maintain normal function and movement in his upper arm
if the child does not receive physical therapy then the child's function in his upper arm may not return to norma
If the child does not get surgery the bone may not heal correctly
Long bones anatomy
Long bones have the same general structure
Bone ends (epiphyses)
The ends of the bone
Membranes (periosteum)
Covers the external surface of the entire bone
Shafts (diaphysis)
The long axis of the bone
Long bone cells
Osteoclasts is the bone- reabsorbing cell
Bone lining cells are cells that help maintain the bone matrix
Osteocytes are bone cells that occupy spaces and conform to their shape
Osteoblasts are bone forming cells that help secrete the bone matrix
Osteoprogenitor cells are bone stem cells
Bone tissue
Compact bone is the stronger and denser type of the bone tissues
Spongy bones are lighter so that muscles can move them more easily
Chemical components of Bone
Organic compounds
Collagen
Osteiod
Inorganic compounds
hydroxyapaptites (mineral salts)
The broken elbow can be several different fractures
Condylar fracture is a fracture of the lower part of the humerus and the joint in the elbow
The joint must be realigned correctly in order for it to correctly begin to heal
You will need to place the elbow in a cast or sling to help it properly heal
Follow up with regular doctor visits to ensure the joint is healing correctly
The joint may not heal at all
Suprachondryl fracture is the fracture of the lower part of the humerus bone
May require surgery depending on the severity
The elbow will be placed in a splint or cast in order to keep the joint aligned correctly
The child will need to switch his dietary habits to more calcium rich foods to help the bones heal faster
The child will need to have consistent follow ups with the doctor to make sure the fracture is healed correctly
Once the cast or splint is removed the child will need to be placed in physical therapy to help normal function
If the child does not get physical therapy there is a chance the child may not maintain normal function of his elbow
Bones forms in the third month of fetal life and continues until late early adulthood. It generally take up two forms
Cancellous bone
Compact bone
Bones grow in length at the epiphyseal plate due to more bone tissue being added
Raw materials needed for bone growth
Calcium
Vitamin D
Epiphyseal plates are responsible for the growth of long bones
Bones remodel due to the decomposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. there are four stages
Fibrocartilaginous callus forms
Bony callus forms
a hematoma forms
Bone remodeling occurs
Classification of bone fractures
Completeness of the break
Incomplete fracture
Complete fracture
Whether the bone ends penetrate the skin
If the bone does not penetrates the skin it is a closed (simple) fracture
If the bone penetrates the skin it is an open (compound) fracture
Position of the bone
Displaced fractures are out of normal alignment
Nondisplaced fractures retain their normal position