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Ecology of Parenting (Competitive/ Independent Orientation (Authority:…
Ecology of Parenting
Competitive/ Independent Orientation
Authority: achieved authority is valued and occurs through hard work. Universalism is valued.
Relationships: relationships are compartmentalized. Believe that behavior is governed by the golden rule. A norm is informality, Decisions are made democratically.
Communication: can be direct or independent of context. Can also be indirect and dependent on context.
Displays of Emotion: openly express feelings to others. Some individuals are open with those people with whom they are intimate and closed with all others.
Discipline/Guidance: individuals believe in a rational order in the world where they are agents of action. It is assumed that problems and solutions are the nature of reality; children are socialized to solve problems they encounter. Discipline/guidance aims are to be preventive.
Skills Emphasis: children are encouraged to make their own decisions. Children are expected to maintain clear boundaries between the self and others. Emphasis is placed on individual achievement, self-expression, and personal choice. Competition promotes performance. Competition promotes creativity and productivity. Personal responsibilty is ingrained in the culture.
Macrosystem Influences on Parenting
Religious influence
National influence
Ethnic Influence
Progressive Influence
Socioeconomic status
Cooperative/Independent Orientation
Authority: Social roles are based on hierarchy. Family structure is patriarchal. Particularism is valued. pg 130
Relationships: Harmony is valued. Family needs are above individual needs. Children are obedience and loyal and expected to take care of elderly parents.
Communication: more indirect than direct. Nonverbal communication used more than verbal.
Display of emotion: some display emotion inwardly and others display them outwardly. Inward emotions rarely shown in public. Outward emotions shown through facial expressions.
Skills Emphasis: learn to get along in the group and become contributing adults. Brotherhood, sharing, spirituality, and personal integrity. Modesty and moderation. Failure is not a concept.
Microsystem Influences on parenting style: Interactions between parent and child.
Attachment
Parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, over involved)
Self-regulation and prosocial behavior
Family Dynamic and Changes over time
Children's characteristics
Age and cognitive development
Temperament
Gender
Presence of disability
Family characteristics
Size
Configuration
Parent's life stage
Marital quality
Parents ability to cope with stress.