Biology - Inheritance (need to finish)

DNA Molecule

Two pairs: Adenine (A) + Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) + Guanine (G)

The 'backbone' of the helix is made from sugar and phosphate

Two strands coiled to form a Double Helix

A length of a DNA that codes for a particular protein is called a gene.

RNA molecule

Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T)

RNA is a single strand

Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation

Translation (Outside Nucleus): The MRNA then attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. These can read the code and assemble the correct amino acids using molecules called Transfer RNA (TRNA)

Proteins are made in cytoplasm

Transcription (Inside Nucleus): Has to stay in nucleus, so the code is copied onto another molecule called Messenger RNA (MRNA).

Genes are coded in nucleus

Code gets to the cytoplasm by the MRNA which is smaller and more flexible then TRNA.

Translation

Ribosome job is to bind to MRNA and read code

It reads the MRNA 3 bases at a time, this is called a codon

Ribosome and TRNA is needed for translation

Transfer RNA (TRNA)

There are three complimentary bases at the bottom that can match to the corresponding codon on MRNA.

This is called the Anti-Codon

Clover leaf shape

image

Found in cytoplasm