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Biology - Inheritance (need to finish) (Protein Synthesis: Transcription…
Biology - Inheritance (need to finish)
DNA Molecule
Two pairs: Adenine (A) + Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C) + Guanine (G)
The 'backbone' of the helix is made from
sugar
and
phosphate
Two strands coiled to form a Double Helix
A length of a DNA that codes for a particular protein is called a gene.
RNA molecule
Uracil (U) replaces Thymine (T)
RNA is a single strand
Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation
Translation (Outside Nucleus): The MRNA then attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. These can read the code and assemble the correct amino acids using molecules called Transfer RNA (TRNA)
Proteins are made in cytoplasm
Transcription (Inside Nucleus): Has to stay in nucleus, so the code is copied onto another molecule called Messenger RNA (MRNA).
Genes are coded in nucleus
Code gets to the cytoplasm by the MRNA which is smaller and more flexible then TRNA.
Translation
Ribosome job is to bind to MRNA and read code
It reads the MRNA 3 bases at a time, this is called a
codon
Ribosome and TRNA is needed for translation
Transfer RNA (TRNA)
There are three complimentary bases at the bottom that can match to the corresponding codon on MRNA.
This is called the
Anti-Codon
Clover leaf shape
Found in cytoplasm
