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Challenges of Adolescents (it is a period of rapid changes; both…

- - - - includes characteristics that are directly related to reproduction
    - - includes features or signs of achieving sexual maturity
      - boys
        
        -acceleration in growth and facial hair. Changes in voice
        
        growth spurt generally begins at the age 12/13
      - girls
        
        rapid growth in height (usually begins 2 years before menarche)
        
        Menarche is the onset of menstruation
        
        Growth spurt begins at the age of 10/11
        
        pubertal sequence can vary. genetics and environment play an important role.
        
        Identical twins reach menarche closer in time than fraternal twins
        
        Girls from affluent families reach menarche earlier than girls from poor families
        
        historical trends show that the age of menarche is declining in industrialized cities which suggests better nutrition and advances in medical care.