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GENDER ROLES AND SEX DIFFERENCES AND OUTCOMES (Sex Differences in…
GENDER ROLES AND SEX DIFFERENCES AND OUTCOMES
Sex Differences in Achievement & Ability
Reading & Mathematics
Difference in brain function:
Boy (right brain)- non verbal
Girl (Left brain)- verbal
From data collection for reading performance: 1) At age 9,13 & 17 girls score only a little higher than boys
2) At age 17, boys score more higher than girls
Girls constituting a growing percentage of highest-ability students.
What is sex difference?
Gender tends to denote the social & cultural role of each sex within a given society
Sex
= biological differences between males & females, such as the genitalia and genetic differences
Different brain function
Brain research suggest some differences associated with sex hormones that begin to function at birth/earlier
Female -left hemisphere-verbal tasks
Male -right hemisphere- non verbal task (Math)
Math anxiety & fear of success
poor performance women in math
women fear success in traditionally male activities & occupation
Math anxiety within women
women divert their attention more toward social relationship
The ideas about the ways boys and girls and men and women are "supposed" to act
vary from culture to culture, but within a given culture they are rather well defined, and children are socialized in them through an elaborate schedule of selective reinforcement.
by age 3, Robert Havinghurst remarked
"noticeable difference in behavior between boys and girls".
at such early age, boys are more "active"
girls are more "dependent" and "nurturant"
SEX ROLES & SEX DIFFERENCES INFLUENCES LEARNING & ACHIEVEMENT
Ways to Improve Gender Equity In Education
Attend more closely to gender equity in vocational education
Increase teacher training dealing with gender issues
Protect the rights of pregnant girls and teenage parents
Introduce "gender-fair" curricula that accommodate learning-style differences
Introduce special programs to encourage girls to participate in math,computing, & science programs
Work to counteract the decline in self-esteem that many girls experiences as they become concerned with their appearance
Educational & Occupational gains for women
Women completed fewer years of schooling than men
Related gains have also been registered in occupational status of women
:checkered_flag:THE INCREASING PLIGHT OF WORKING-CLASS AND LOW-SKILLED, MIDDLE-CLASS MEN
Unemployment increased in men who did not attend college
Seeking work in a dwindling number of manual-labor jobs outside the service sector
After inflation, the wages of men have fallen significantly
Less-educated men increasingly have child-support payments from already-low wages
Definition
