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Communication In the Workplace ( CH18 ) (Communication Patterns ( Network…
Communication In the Workplace
( CH18 )
Direction of Communication
Vertical
; flows up and down the scalar chain, between subordinate and superior
Horizontal / lateral
; between the people of the same levels and different departments
Diagonal
; when a subordinate in one department has to report or give information to a superior
in another department
Communication Patterns ( Network ) by Leavitt (1951)
Circle
The leader can only communicate to the members who are next to him/her like their direct subordinates. He/she cannot talk with any other members too, like the lowest level of workers.
The process of sending the message also takes a lot of time as it must travel from people to people to reach the desired recipient.
Chain
It is either top to bottom level staffs or bottom to top level staffs. It is a one-way flow of communication.
The members might not get the exact message sent by the leader but an altered version of it. The leader won’t even be aware what distorted message others lower in the command got.
Y
The group is separated into three and the group members can communicate with the other members group through leader only.
The message sent by the leader also communicates from top-to-bottom approach.
The sub-groups cannot communicate with each other. They need to pass the information through the leader to send any message to other sub-groups.
Wheel
The leader has direct contact with all the group members and there are no communication problems, time issue and feedback from the group members. But all the group members can’t connect with one another.
Informal Communication Chain
The Grapevine
Characteristics : - acts quickly
Selective
Operates at workplace
Does not fill a gap created by an ineffective formal communication system
Higher-level executives were better communicators
The Importance of
Informal Communication
More current than the formal system
Relevant to the informal organisation
Relates to internal politics
Can bypass excessively secretive management
Interpersonal Skill
Listening
Non-verbal communication;
Body Language
Purposes ;
Provide appropriate feedback
create desired impression
establish a desired atmosphere
reinforce spoken messages
Non-verbal cues
;
facial expression
gesture
posture and orientation
proximity and contact
movement and stillness
silence and sounds
appearance and grooming
response to norms and expectations
Interpersonal Relations
Goals
Perception
Roles
Resistances
Attitudes
Relationships
Environment
Observation
Barriers to Communication
General Faults
Distortion or omission of information
Misunderstanding due to lack of clarity or technical jargon
Non-verbal signs
Overload , TMI
People hear what they want
Difference in background (social,race,etc)
Communication difficulties
Problems ;
Status
Jargon
Suspicion
Priorities
Selective reporting
Use
Timing
Opportunity
Conflict
Personal differences
Improve the communication system
Standing instructions should be recorded
Regular staff meetings
A house journal should be issued regularly
Appraisal interviews
Communication Methods
Face to face meetings
Teambriefing
Conference
Interviews
Telephone
Noticeboard
Letter
Email
Report
Formal Communication Process
SENDER
> -
Coded message - Medium Channel - Decoded Message
- >
RECEIVER
>
feedback
>
SENDER
Desirable Qualities
of Communication
Clarity ; Jargon can be used , where
the recipient share the same expertise
Recepient
Medium
Timing
Effective Communication
Directed to appropriate people
Relevant to their needs
Accurate and complete
Timely
Flexible
Effective in conveying meaning
Cost effective