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TRANSFORMATION OF THE ANCIEN RÉGIME AND ENLIGHTENMENT (ENLIGHTENMENT…
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ANCIEN RÉGIME AND ENLIGHTENMENT
ANCIEN RÉGIME
what is it?
SOCIAL SYSTEM
estates system
estates of the realm
2nd estate (priviliges)
clergy
3rd estate (no privileges)
bourgeoisie+peasants
1st estate (privileges)
nobility
ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Trade
increased
new routes
Discovery of America
Crafts
guilds
Mercantilism
country's wealth
=
silver
gold
limit imports
encourage exports
Agriculture
outdated
techniques
tools
low productivity
POLITICAL SYSTEM
PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHY
monarch power
limited by Parliament
only in England
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
in all Europe
they believed it came from God
monarchs had all power
monarchs: more powerful
17th and 18th century in all Europe
ENLIGHTENMENT
ECONOMY
SKILLED CRAFTMANSHIP
rural areas
domestic system
royal manufacturers
luxury goods
increase in demand
AGRICULTURE
repopulation
new machinery
crop rotation
new crops
COMMERCE
limited domestic trade
better roads
canals
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
more exchange of products
triangular trade route
SOCIETY
estates system + reforms
bourgeoisie protested
peasant's life did not improve
domestic system = more money
critics to influence
clergy
nobility
increase of population
improvements
nutrition
hygiene
less epidemics
scientific advances
PHILOSOPHERS
ROUSSEAU
separation of powers
judicial
legislative
executive
MONTESQUIEU
democracy
VOLTAIRE
power limited by Parliament
critized religious
absolutism
dogmatism
ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
Absolutism ´+ Enlightenment
maintained privileges estates system
characteristics
attacks to privileged people
education = essential
control the Church
political centralisation
DEFINITION
intellectual movement
to combat ignorance and change society
reason
education
science
MAIN PRINCIPLES
PROGRESS
scientific and social
perfect society
LEARNING & TEACHING
essential
share knowledge
educate society
NATURE
truth & virtue
society corrupts men
EQUALITY & LIBERTY
crucial
everyone same
privileges
rights
REASON
only source knowledge
HAPPINESS
duty and right for men
individual happiness=
social happiness
discuss ideas
salons
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
collection of knowledge
D'Alambert
Diderot
TRANSFORMATION OF THE ANCIEN RÉGIME
18th century: important changes
=
collapse Ancien Régime
Enlightenment
+important change=
bourgeoisie=wealthier
economic expansion
Art reflected
social reforms
ART
ROCCOCO
1730-1760
tastes of the nobility
joys of life
ARCHITECTURE
interiors all decorated
SCULPTURE
mythological themes
PAINTING
pastel colors
mythological themes
NEOCLASSICISM
tastes of
middle class
Enlightenment
remodelled cities
imitated classical art
ARCHITECTURE
classical elements
1760-1830
SCULPTURE
marble
mythological themes
famous people
PAINTING
mythological themes
famous people
imitated classical styles
cultural change
birth of museum