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Sampling Random Data (Types of Sampling Techniques (Simple Random Sample…

- - - - Wording Bias: When a question on a survey is phrased in a way to obtain a certain answer or confuses the population to not effectively answer the question
        
        An example of this would be if a population was asked: "Do you support the recent rise in taxes?", However it was asked in two different ways such as "do you support the new raise in taxes that our affecting the lower-income families?" and "new taxes will help to stimulate the economy, do you support new taxes?"
      - Non-Response: When someone out of a population can not be reached, contacted, or refuses to take part.
        
        Some type of people, like those who are uncomfrotable with the question, or those who the question applies to, might refuse to take the survey because of there own personal beliefs.
        
        An example could be large surveys taken in Urban areas, where there is a large population, meaning that there is a large percentage of people who most likely will not respond.
      - Response Bias: Is when the response to a question is incorrect due to outside circumstances or beliefs.
        
        An example would be changing your opinion based on the people around, for example, a Right-winged republican whos in a room full of Left-Winged people might change their opinion in order to not feel excluded or to not stand-out.
- - - - A might be if a survey was taken about school spirit in Duxbury High School. If someone took the survey in one classroom, it would only represent a very small population of the school.
    - - An Example might be Surveys based on Customer experience, and how well someone enjoyed their experience or how much they liked the product.
    - - Example: If you wanted to take a survey in Boston and choose only to chose address number(s) in order to find people. This would have coverage because some people might live in Apartments under one Address meaning that people who live in certain apartments would be left out, or some addresses might businesses and not residences.
      - An example would be taking a survey based on landline number in Massachusetts, this would cover people who might not own a landline and only a cell phone, or possibly might not even own a phone number of any sorts.
- - - - Placebo Effect: When the response to an experiment is altered due to a preconceived belief
      - Experimental Units: A small collection of humans, or other objects treatmenrs are applied to, EX: Plants, Animals, ect..
      - Subjects: The official term to use when humans are the test subject and having the treatments applied to them.
      - Confounding: When two different variables are related in a way that effect(s) on a response variable look similar and cannot be distinguished.
        
        Two Lurking Variables whose effects can't be separated can lead to Confounding, this can lead to what is called a confounding variable, which is when there is an association between the lurking variable and the explanatory variable
      - Factors: The explanatory variable in an experiment, Most experiments include multiple factors.
      - Treatments: A condition that is applied to experimental units or subjects in an experiment. treatments can be a mixture of variables.
      - Response Variable(s): The product of your experiment, tells you the effects of the treatments on each group, most of the time is the average of a group.
      - Blinding: When either the subject or the people recording the results and measure the response variable know what treatment is being received. When both don't know what the treatment is, this is called ‘Double Blinding’.
    - - Observational Study: A study that looks at individuals and measures the wanted variables, does not influence responses.
      - Experiment: A set of treatments put onto Experimental Variables or subjects to measure responses.
      - Difference
        
        An observational study is used to describe a group or situations and compare the relationship(s) between variables. An Experiment, on the other hand, is to see if a treatment(s) affects the response.