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MUSCLES C.M. (ANATOMY OF MUSCLE (Connective Tissue Layers (Endomysium…
MUSCLES C.M.
ANATOMY OF MUSCLE
Connective Tissue Layers
Epimysium
Dense Irregular C.T.
Surrounds the entire skeletal muscle
FUNCTION: Protection & support
Perimysium
Dense Irregular C.T.
Surrounds each fascicle
FUNCTION: Protection & support
Tendon
Dense Regular C.T.
Thick, cord-like structure
Endomysium
Areolar C.T.
Surrounds each muscle fiber
FUNCTION: Electrically insulate the muscle fibers
Aponeurosis
Thin, flattened sheet
Dense regular C.T.
Deep fascia
Visceral/ muscular fascia
Contains nerves, blood vessels, & lymph vessels
Binds muscle together
Seperates individual muscles
Superficial fascia
Subcontaneous layer
Separates muscle from skin
Blood Vessels
Through the epimysium & perimysium
Capillaries (smallest vessel)
Site o/ gas exchange
Vascularized
Muscle Tissue
Nerves
Somatic motor neurons
Brain-->spinal cord-->skeletal muscle
Axon
Extends through all 3 C.T. layers to almost make contact w/ am individual muscle fiber
Neuromuscular Junction
Gap between the axon & muscular fiber
Voluntary Muscle
Innervated
EXCITATION-CONTRACT COUPLING
2.Initiation & propagation o/ an action potential along sarcolemma & t-tubules
2A: Depoloarization
Voltage-gated (NA+) channels open, & the (NA+) moves in
2B: Repolarization
Voltage-gated (K+) channels open, & the (K+) moves out
1. Development o/an (EPP) @ the motor plate:
Action potential travels-->sarcolemma & into t-tubules
1B: (EPP) produces when (Na+) enters the (MEP). Membrane changes from -90mV to -65mV (the threshold)
1A: Binding sites of ACh to ACh receptors in motor end plate triggers opening of ion-gated channels. (Na+) fuses in as (K+) fuses slowly out of muscle fiber
3. Release o/ (Ca+) from S.R.
(Ca+) diffuses out o/ the S.R. & into the cytosol
(AP)is propagated along the T-Tubules to stimulate (Ca+) channels. (Ca+) is released into the S.R.
FUELS NEEDED BY MUSCLES
Glycogen
Fuel source of aerobic excersises
Mineral restoration
ATP
Energy for movement
Calcium
Prevents muscle cramps
Increase/decrease excitability in nerve endings & muscles
Potassium
Helps balance (-) effects on salt
Controls B.P. by controlling the amount of fluid in the body
Creatine
Helps produce energy during high-intensity physical activity
MUSCLE FATIQUE
Dehydration
Insufficient (Ca+)
Reduced/inability o/ muscle to produce tension due to excessive exercise
Decreased glycogen stores
State of exhaustion
PAIN
Build up o/ lactic acids in muscle
Minor muscle tearing & inflammation
Poor muscle tone due to weight
MUSCLE LOSS
Lack of protein
PRO: helps build muscle mass
CON: Weight loss
Excessive aerobics activity
PRO: Good for heart
CON: not effective for weight gain
Skipping meals
PRO: no pro
CON: Lack of nutrition
Lack o/ weighted activity
PRO: Builds muscles
CON: muscle tension
CRAMPS
No electrolyte restoration
Inadequate blood supply/circulation
Dehydration
Magnesium/Potassium deficiency
Lack of stretching
Overworking calf muscles
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
Dedydration
Muscle & joint Injury
Rapid weight loss
DEATH
Malnutritient
Organs shut down or weaken