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Stoichiometry: Gina and Brianna (The Mole (Molar mass of elements vs…
Stoichiometry: Gina and Brianna
The Mole
Mole Ratios
Definition: ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a chemical reaction
to find how many molar ratios there are take n(n-1) where n is the number of species
use: mole ratios are used as conversion factors between products and reactants in many chemistry problems
Molar mass of elements vs compounds
molar mass of elements is simply just the atomic mass
Molar mass of compounds can be calculated by multiplying the atomic mass in amu by the molar mass constant
Definition: Molar mass is the mass in grams of one mole of a substance
Use: to count particles (atoms, formula units, molecules) by massing them
Ex: CH4, 1C+4H, 12.0+4(1.0)= 16.01g/mol
Molar Volume
Definition: the volume occupied by 1 mole of a substance at a given temperature and pressure (STP)
Avogadro's Number
Avogadro's Number is: 6.02x10^23
Definition: it is the number or representative particles in a mole
use: it's the basis for the mole unit of measurement; provides an easy way to convert between moles, mass, and the number of molecules
Little Map and Big Map
Big and Little map are used to find
Limiting Reactants
Definition: the reagent that is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete
the one that is used up first is called the limiting reactant
For example, if you are making a cake and you have excess sugar and flour but you only have 2 eggs, the eggs are the limiting reactant because you have the least and they will be used up first
determines how much of the products are made.
To find the limiting reactant, there are three steps:
Step 1: calculate the moles if you are given the mass (use little map)
Step 2: use smallest molar value to calculate theoretical need (use big map)
Step 3: figure out which is in excess and which one is the limiting reactant
Percent Yield
Definition: it is the percent ratio of actual yield to the theoretical yield
It is calculated to be the actual yield divided by theoretical yield multiplied by 100%
Actual Value: the actual value is the amount the substance that you made
Theoretical Value: this is the value of what you were supposed to make
Actual Value/Theoretical Value X 100%
Use: a way to determine how much of a reactant has been successfully converted to the product in a chemical reaction
It will always be between 0 and 100. You will never get over 100 because then it would be contaminated with something else and not be what you were trying to get
The closer you get to 100 then the better you were at making what you were supposed to get
