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CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIPS (Civics and Citizenships is the study of the…
CIVICS AND CITIZENSHIPS
Civics and Citizenships is the study of the rights and responsibilities that Australians have in our society.
6 KEY CONCEPTS
DEMOCRACY - A system of government run by people, for the people. In most democratic societies, citizens are included in the running of society by electing people who will represent them in government. Representatives of the people then develop policies and make laws on behalf of the people who have elected them.
DEMOCRATIC VALUES - Democratic values are the beliefs and ideals that are held by our society as a democracy. Such values include respect, equality, fairness and freedom.
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JUSTICE - Meaning fairness, concept of Justice in Australia ultimately means that people should treat each other in a manner that is fair and balanced.
PARTICIPATION - Taking part in a society, event etc. Participation can include voting in an election or referendum, serving in a jury or paying taxes.
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RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES - A right is a freedom that is protected, such as the right to have free speech and religion. A responsibility is a duty or something you should do. Voting is both a right and responsibility. RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILTIES IN AUSTRALIA INCLUDE:
RIGHTS
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- protection against acquisition of property on unjust terms
- the right to trial by juty
- right to freedom of religion
- protection against dicrimination
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LAWS
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WHY DO WE NEED LAWS?
The main reason we have laws is so that we can all get along. If there were no rules or laws at all, the world would become chaos because everybody would be able to do, say or take whatever they wanted. Society needs rules or laws to guide us. Most laws are created by the government for our own good.
LEGAL AND NON-LEGAL LAWS
The difference is that non-legal can be just rules that people have to follow at work, school etc. Non-legal laws do not have to be taken to court and will not get you arrested. Breaking a school rule like not wearing uniform can be an example. A legal law means that you can get arrested and be taken to court, and example is that committing a crime like murder is a legal law.
WHY DO WE HAVE LAWS?
- Laws protect us. Laws stop people from stealing or hurting each other.
- Laws help us live peacefully. Laws stop us from playing loud music very early in the morning.
- Laws give us guidelines. The law lets us know how old we should be before we can drive.
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WHY DO WE OBEY THE LAW?
There are a number of reasons why people obey the law. Many people understand that laws are there to protect us and that without them there is not much to stop someone who wanted to hurt, steal or exploit others. The law protects us from a world without rules, in which we are not all necessarily able to protect ourselves.
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PREPERATION OF THE BILL
. It is proposed by a member of parliament (MP) when people feel the need to change an existing law or establish a new one. The bill has to go through 3 readings and then to the senate, it then goes into the 3 readings again..
FIRST READING -The member of parliament who is introducing the bill will provide a copy of the draft act to every other member of parliament. At this stage, only the title of the is read, giving the other members a chance to read the bill in their own time.
SECOND READING - The member who introduced the bill explains why the bill has been introduced. Other members are then allowed to ask questions, make suggestions for changes and debate whether the bill is right to tackle the issue that aims to address. In the end, members will vote on the bill and any changes.
THIRD READING - The house of representatives will vote on the bill. If the majority vote pass the bill, it will move to the senate for consideration.
THE SENATE - Once it reaches the Senate, the Bill will go through the three reading stages again. The Bill will be passed to and from the upper and lower houses until both agree to any changes in the Bill, or until the Senate rejects the Bill completely.
CIVIL, CRIMINAL AND CUSTOMARY LAW
CIVIL LAW - Civil law protects individuals. It deals with disputes between individuals over an action that results in loss or harm. An individual can sue the other party for damage.
CIVIL DISPUTES - When a party takes action against another, the civil action does not necessarily go straight to court. Sometimes the parties involved can negotiate a solution between themselves. If a decision or solution cannot be reached through negotiation or meditation, the dispute may need to go to court.
TYPES OF CIVIL DISPUTES
FAMILY LAW - disputes over birth, marriage, divorces and caregiving
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CRIMINAL LAW
Criminal law is when a crime is committed. It can mean someone has committed murder, robbery or any other crimes would will result into going into serving time in jail or community service.
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FREEDOMS
FREEDOM OF SPEECH -This refers to the right to express our opinions on something (even criticize the government) without punishment
FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION - This means you can join and leave any social group you want whenever you want
FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT - Freedom of movement means that you can go wherever you want to go whether its around the world or around the state. This gives us the right to leave a country and return it.
FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY - This allows people to practice, have belief, teach their religion whether its Muslim, Christian or Catholic.
FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY - This gives people the right to come together and express, discuss, promote and share their ideas.
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