Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
MEASLES (TREATMENT (No antiviral available, Maintenance of good hydration,…
MEASLES
-
RISK GROUPS
Immunocompromised due to HIV, steroid therapy
- Giant cell pneumonitis
- Measles inclusion body encephalitis
Pregnancy
- Spontaneous abortion / stillbirth
-
COMPLICATIONS
Secondary bacterial infections (Otitis media – most common, bronchopneumonia)
Acute Measles encephalitis
- 1 in 1000 measles cases
- (7-10) days after rash fades
- 15% fatal, 20-40% long term neuro. problems
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)
- 1 in 10 000 – 1000 000 measles cases
- 6-8 years after measles
- Fatal, progressive degenerative brain disease
- More common if infection before 2 years
VACCINE
Live, attenuated measles, mumps and rubella strains
UK vaccination programme
- 2 doses: 12-18 months and Pre-school
- Each dose has 90% efficacy, so 99% protection
-
CLINICAL FEATURES
Prodrome lasts 2-3 days
- High fever
- The 3 ‘C’s - Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis
- Koplik spots (buccal mucosa)
Rash
- Maculopapular
- Face and neck first, spread to trunk
- Lasts 4-5 days
-
DIAGNOSIS
Nasopharyngeal secretions / throat swab
- Immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, Viral culture
Antibody screening
- Measles specific IgM or IgG
- IgM obtain blood on 3rd day of rash or subsequent day up to 1 month
- IgG for past infection / vaccination
- Salivary screening (Health Protection Surveillance)
DESCRIPTION
- measles virus
- SS enveloped RNA, (-)
- paramyxoviridae family
- Spread by coughing, sneezing via close personal contact or direct contact with secretions
- Incubation period 10-14 days
- Infectious 2-3 days before rash to 5 days after it appears.