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Population Genetics and Evolution (gene pool (selection # (natural…
Population Genetics and Evolution
gene pool
selection
#
natural selection
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mutation
natural disasters / accidents
environmental adaptations
genetic diversity
preference for alleles that assist survival
artificial selection
selective breeding
genetic modification
elimination of specific alleles
intentional genetic bottleneck
preference for chosen alleles, regardless of utility
convergent evolution- similar habitats have similar selection pressures which can cause species to evolve to resemble each other
speciation
phyletic
unbroken gene flow, whole species evolve
pollen transfer
seed dispersal
vegetative propagation
divergent
reproductive barriers prevent gene flow between populations, evolve separately
barriers
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abiological- terrain features
biological
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prezygotic
evolution in pollinators
reproductive differences
genes unable to be mixed normally even if they are capable of viably hybridizing
postzygotic
hybrid sterility
hybrid inviability
genes unable to spread even if mixing is possible
adaptive radiation
small number of individuals are part of primary succession, mutations easily spread through population and cause genetic drift
sympatric
populations in the same geographic area become productively isolated and diverge
evolution of life
chemosynthesis
early earth, chemical soup in atmosphere and oceans
reactions and formation into simple chemicals, monomers
concentration and formation of polymers
aggregation of chemicals into "organisms" with primitive metabolisms
evolution and increased complexity of metabolic processes
evolution of photosynthesis and oxygenation of atmosphere
evolution of respiration and oxygen resistance
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