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23 year old male patient demonstrating severe face and arm muscle spasms…
23 year old male patient demonstrating severe face and arm muscle spasms was brought to the ER
Not being properly vaccinated for tetanus
The toxin's effect on respiratory muscles can interfere with breathing
Death by suffocation
Infected Tattoo
Abnormal oozing or scabbing
Probable Dirty Needles
Clostridium tetani or other conditions
Possible sepsis
Getting a tattoo at a sketchy parlor
Muscular System
Movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body
Body movement, posture/stabilization, protection/support, storage and movement of materials, and heat production.
Integumentary System
Acts as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world.
Retains body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature.
Nervous System
Rapid Communication
Collects information from sensory receptors that monitor the body's internal and external conditions.
Circulatory System
Transport blood and oxygen from the lungs to the various tissues of the body
Twitch
One single action potential will produce a single contraction.
Measured by a myogram
Latent period
Action potential running down sarcolemma, calcium released
Contraction period
Calcium binds to troponin
Relaxation period
Calcium pumping out of sarcoplasm and back into SR
Wave (temporal) Summation
Result of two stimuli are received by a muscle in rapid succession
More frequent than a twitch
Tetany
When the stimulus frequency is so high that the relaxation phase disappears completely, the contractions become continuous
Exocytosis
Large particles that must leave the cell are packaged in vesicles
The vesicle travels to the cell membrane and fuses with it
The cell releases the particle to the outside of the cell
A process where material inside a cell is packaged into vesicles and excreted into the extracellular medium.
Muscle Contraction
An action potential travels along a motor neuron toward a skeletal muscle.
Acetylcholine vesicles are released
AcH binds the receptor on the sarcolemma causing Na+ influx into the muscle fiber.
Action potential travels through the T-tubules, allowing calcium channels to open and release into the cytoplasm.
Calcium ions activate the actin-myosin binding sites.
ATP is hydrolyzed to provide energy for flexing the myosin heads.
Flexion brings the actin filaments closer to the middle of the sarcomere
(In order for relaxation to occur) ATP must be used to pump calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Neuromuscular Junction
Where nerve meets muscle
Action potential arrives at axon terminal of motor neuron.
Voltage-gated Ca2+
channels open and enters the axon terminal.
Ca2+ entry causes ACh to be released by exocytosis.
ACh diffuses across the
synaptic cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the sarcolemma.
ACh binding opens chemically gated ion channels that allow simultaneous passage of Na+ into the muscle fiber and K+ out of the muscle fiber.
Na+ Ions enter while K+ ions exit, this produces a local change in the membrane potential called the end plate potential
Clostridium Tetani
obligate anaerobic bacteria whose spores produce two distinct toxins.
Tetanolysin: which causes local tissue destruction.
Tetanospasmin: which causes clinical tetanus.
Severe face and Arm muscle spasms
Stiff and achy muscles once patient is feeling better