Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Skeletal System (Names of Bones (Types of Bones (Anatomy of the Long Bone,…

- - - - Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone Tissue
        
        Disorders
        
        Joints & movements allowed by synovial joints
        
        Differences between the male and female pelvic
        
        .
        
        1 more item...
        
        The female pelvis is larger so it allows the baby to be delivered
        The male pelvis is more narrower
        
        Fibrous joints – dense connective tissue, Generally immovable
        Cartilaginous joints – has cartilage, Immovable of slightly moveable
        Synovial joints – synovial membrane, Freely moveable
        Synarthroses – immovable joints
        Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable joints
        Diarthoses – freely movable joints
        
        Ball-and-socket (spheroidal): very wide range of motion is possible (multiaxial); examples include the shoulder and hip joints
        
        condylar joint (ellipsoidal): a variety of motions; an example is the joint between a metacarpal and a phalange.
        
        Plane joints or Gliding joints: a back-and-forth motion; the joints of the wrist and ankle, as well as those between vertebrae, are gliding joints.
        
        Hinge joint: a convex surface fits into a concave surface, as is found in the elbow and phalange joints; movement is in one plane only (uniaxial).
        
        Pivot joint (trochoid): a cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of bone and fibrous tissue; examples include the joint between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna and between the dens of the axis and the atlas.
        
        Saddle joint (sellar): permits movements in two planes (biaxial); the joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb is of this type.
        
        Flexion - decreasing the angle at a joint
        Extension - increasing the angle at a joint
        Dorsiflexion - flexion of ankle brings foot closer to shin
        Plantar flexion - flexion at ankle brings foot farther away from shin
        Hyperextension - extend beyond anatomical position
        Abduction - moving a part away from the midline
        Adduction - moving a part towards the midline
        Rotation - moving a part around its axis
        Lateral flexion - bending head, neck , or trunk to the side
        Circumduction – end of part follows a circular path
        Pronation– rotation of forearm so that the palm is downward or facing the
        posterior
        Supination – rotation of forearm so that the palm is upward or facing the Anterior
        Fibrous joints are found in sutures
        Cartilaginous joints are found in the pubic symphysis and in the intervertebral discs
        Synovial joints, most joints in the body
        Articular cartilage - a “rubber shock absorber” that provides a smooth frictionless surface
        Joint capsule and ligaments- fibrous connective tissue connects the ends of two joining bones
        Synovial membrane - secretes synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity and decreases friction
        Synovial cavity - the space inside a joint capsule between two bones, filled with synovial fluid
        
        Growth Hormone (GH) is the most important stimulus to bone growth, the amount of GH is controlled by THYROID hormones, which are linked to body metabolism (hGH = human GH)
        Too much GH = gigantism
        Too little GH = dwarfism
        
        Osteoblasts, bone building
        
        Osteocytes, mature bone cells
        
        Osteoclast, bone destroying
        Compact Bone
        
        Network of Osteons (Haversian systems)= Structural unit of compact bones, calcium matrix surrounding collagen fibers, Strong but flexible, arranged in rings (concentric lamella) surrounding, central canal (Haversian Canal), Canal space for blood vessels
        
        Lamella connected by canaliculi, Channels for movement of materials between, osteocytes and blood vessels in Haversian canal
        
        spaces (lacunae) embedded between rings, location of osteocytes – bone cells, Deposit and reabsorb calcium, Receive blood from the periosteum (covering)
        
        Matrix: calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide
      - Diaphysis, shaft of the compact, covered in thick connective tissue called periosteum it contains medullary cavity hollow area filled with yellow bone marrow
        
        Epiphysis, ends of long bone contains red bone marrow, covered in hyaline cartilage the site of new bone growth= epiphyseal
        
        Articular cartilage, smooth glassy cartilage that allows bones to glide past each other
        
        Periosteum, membrane that covers bone