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Week 2: Carbohydrates (CH2O)n, where n is 3 or more (Monosaccharides…

- - - - N-glycosylation: Saccharides are constantly added & removed until the protein leaves the Golgi-stack organelle
        
        (result in) Different patterns of glycosylation
        
        N-glycosyl group can go to the first Asn amino acid OR the second one
      - O-glycosylation: Can go to Ser/ Thr amino acids
        
        CANNOT predict which amino acid will end up with it
    - - (proteins) May have added sugar
    - - (via) Antigens that have same letter as the blood type (eg Blood type B with antigen B)
- - - - "Aldo" + __ (eg triose, tetrose)
    - - "Keto" + __ (eg Triose, Tetrose)
  - - - Reflection is L enantiomers
  - - - (Higher quantity) Beta D-glucopyranose
        
        Used for more functions
      - (Lower quantity) Alpha D-glucopyranose
  - - - (However) Ketones are NOT reducing sugars, thus CANNOT undergo this reaction
      - This reaction changes the colour/taste of food (eg Caramelisation)
- - - - Major component of invertebrate & exoskeletons
    - - (thus) easy to break
    - - (Thus) Very stable & Hard to break it apart
        
        Strong trees
        
        Trees can grow in wide scales
        
        Very challenging to break cellulose into glucose units for biofuels
        
        (unless) Cellulase is present
      - (made of) Glucose units but have different structures
        
        (due to) Different glycosidic bonds