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Milk Fever (Parturient Hypocalcemia) (Epidemiology (Mature cows (3rd…
Milk Fever (Parturient Hypocalcemia)
Epidemiology
Mature cows (3rd calving onwards)
High producing dairy cattle
High calcium diet ( >100g Ca/d)
Jersey breed
High BCS
Treatment
Slow IV for therapeutics (Calcium borogluconate/ gluconate, 500ml with heart auscultation)
SQ and Oral for prophylaxis (Calcium gluconate & calcium salt)
Caution
Overdose
Potential cardiotoxicity
Suppressive effect on PTH release
Delay in maintaining Ca homeostasis
Underdose
Not effective and cause more relapses
Increased risk for injuries from struggling to rise
Etiology
Sudden decline of blood calcium levels from 8.5-10mg/dL to <7.5mg/dL, in events of lactation (whether it is prepartum, partum or postpartum.)
Hypocalcemia leads to hyperexcitability and loss of musculature contraction.
Tetany and paresis = postparturient paresis
Pathogenesis
PTH+++
Ca+++ from bone
Activates 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3
Rumen to absorb more calcium
Blood calcium levels increase
Normal calcium level
Reduce smooth muscle function
Reduce Rumen, digestive tract motility
Reduce feed intake
Increase weight loss
Reduce Milk Yield
Reduce Uterine Motility
Reduce uterine involution
Increase risk of Metritis, dystocia, uterine prolase & retained placenta
Infertility
Reduce Immune Function
Increase risk of Mastitis or other infection
Muscle weakness
'S' bend neck
Diagnosis
Look for clinical sign
Blood test
Test urine pH
Control
Induction of mild to moderate acidosis during the last weeks of gestation
Supplementation of Vit D during the dry period
Parenteral Ca administration around parturition
Oral Ca supplementation around parturition
Reduction of dietary Ca available for intestinal absorption during dry period