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Musculoskeletal (CARDIOVASCULAR: (Paget disease is a progressive bone…
Musculoskeletal
SKIN:
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with fractures, the skin may break leading to a higher risk of infection
with arthritis, the skin surrounding the affected joints may become red and swell
GI:
GI tract slows during immobility, resulting in reduced peristaltic motility
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many musculoskeletal disorders lead to immobility, causing the patient to rely on assistance of others to have a bowel movement, which may be embarrassing for them so they may not act on the urge when they need to go
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URINARY:
Gout: results from deposits of uric acid and urate crystals in the joint that then cause an acute inflammatory response; hyperuricemia may develop
renal calculi: results from stasis of urine in renal pelvis and because of increased circulating serum Calcium levels
if the bladder loses tone, its difficult to completely empty the bladder; results in UTI because of urinary stasis
SKELETAL
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lines, ridges, processes or holes on the bones allow tendons to attach or nerves and blood vessels to pass through
skeletal contraction and weight bearing is essential for muscle tone, joint movement and maintenance of bone density
Mobility is essential for osteoblastic activity; immobility leads to bone demineralization and calcium loss
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CARDIOVASCULAR:
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immobility reduces muscle mass, which leads to reduced force of cardiac contraction and reduced cardiac output
decreased efficiency of orthostatic neuromuscular reflexes and diminished vasopressor mechanisms cause orthostatic hypotension
adequate perfusion and venous return depend on skeletal muscle contraction and frequent changes in body position
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RESPIRATORY
full lung expansion is associated with physical activity, therefore, immobility causes reduced lung expansion, which leads to atelectasis and reduced capacity for gas exchange
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