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Skeletal System Nadya Hernandez P4 (Names of Bones (Carpals - Wrist Bones,…
Skeletal System Nadya Hernandez P4
Types of Bones
Short Bone - includes bones like the carpal and tarsal bones
Long Bone - includes bones like the humerus and femur
Flat Bone - includes bones like the sternum, scapula, and cranial bones
Irregular Bone - includes bones like vertebrae
Joints
Fibrous
Sutures - skull fusing
Syndesmoses - immovable joint connecting bones w/ CT
Gomphoses - TEETH
Cartilaginous
Symphyses - slightly movable joint, unites two bones
Synchondroses - temporary cartilage joint, immovable joint
Synovial (all diarthrotic)
Ball + Joint
Condylar Joint
Pivot Joint
Plane Joint
Hinge Joint
Saddle Joint
Names of Bones
Carpals - Wrist Bones
Ribs
Femur - Thigh Bone
Phalanges - Fingers + Toes
Humerus - Upper arm bone
ulna + radius - ulna is the arm bone corresponding to the pinky side, and the radius corresponds to the thumb side
patella - knee cap
clavicle - collar bone
scapula - shoulder blade
tarsals - ankle bones
Metatarsals + Metacarpals - bones following the tarsals and carpals but before the phalanges
tibia+fibula - tibia is thicker lower leg bone+fibula is insanely thin
lumbar + thoracic vertebrae - lower back + upper vertebrae
coxal - hip bones
sacrum + coccyx - tail bone stuff
cranium - skull
frontal - forehead
parietal - two sides of head (l + r)
occipital - back of head
Microscopic Bone Anatomy
lamella - each matrix tube in an osteon
osteon - unit of compact bone
central canal - contains blood and nerve cells
osteocytes (bone cells @ the lamella)
canaliculi - canals connecting the lacunae to the central canal
lacunae - cavities in bone
Bone Fracture Repair
Hematoma forms - blood vessels and periosteum are torn and the clots form the hematoma
Fibrocartilaginous callus forms - collagen fibers connect broken ends
Bony callus forms - callus matures a bit and is replaced by an immature bone
Bone remodeling occurs in which the bony callus is remodeled. the bony callus goes through endochondral ossification
Bone + Joint Disorders
Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis - inflammation of joint
Osteoarthritis - degenerative condition of joint
Gouty Arthritis - excessive uric acid built up in joint
Osteoporosis - bone atrophy
Paget's disease - excessive bone deposit + too much spongy bone !!!
Osteomalacia
Rickets
Bone Remodeling
Osteoclasts - break down bone matrix
Osteoblast - bone matrix mother
Osteoid - unmineralized bone matrix
Involves Calcium Phosphate
Difference Between Male & Female Pelvis - female has a wider but more shallow pelvic cavity. the male pelvic inlet is more heart shaped.
Anatomy of Long Bone
Diaphysis - shaft of bone
Compact + Spongy Bone
Epiphyses - Ends of bone
Periosteum
Endosteum
Epiphyseal Plate
Medullary cavity holding yellow marrow
Articular cartilage
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
Gliding - 1 flat bone surface gliding over another w/o angles or rotation
Angular
Flexion - bending a limb / joint
Extension - the straightening out of a limb / joint
abduction - raising of limbs
adduction - the putting down of limbs
circumduction - movement of limb in circular motion
Rotation
medial - rotates toward median plane
lateral - rotates away from median plane
Special Movements
Pronation - radius over ulna
supination - ulna || radius
Dorsiflexion - lifting tip of feet to sky
Plantar flexion - ballerina foot
inversion - rotating sole of foot to midline
eversion - rotating sole of foot away from midline
protraction - moving jaw outwards
retraction - moving jaw inwards
elevation - mouth closed
depression - mouth open
opposition - touching thumb to fingers