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Skinny man experiencing severe cramping in his calves, thighs, buttocks,…

- - - - Thin myofilament composed of two strands of actin protein twisted around each other to form a helical shape. These are Globular or G actin and Fibrous or F actin. The G-actin molecule has a myosin binding site to which the myosin head from thick filament attached during muscle contraction. Trompomysin is a thin twisted filament that covers the binding sites of a non contracting muscle (G-actin binding site). Troponin is a globular protein and is the binding site for Ca2+.
      - Thick myofilament are assembles in bundles of myosin protein molecules. Each myosin protein consists of two strands, and each strand has a globular head and an elongated tail. ATP attaches to the head and is split into ADP and P1.The tails of two strands of a myosin molecule are intertwined.
  - - - Step 2: Initiation and propagation of an action potential along sarcolemma and T-tubules
        
        Step 3: Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
  - - - Pyruvate, fatty acids, amino acids (with NH2 removed). Produced greater amounts of ATP necessary for longer and more moderate levels of activity.
    - - ATP produced from Creatine Phosphate. This provides and additional 10 to 15 seconds of energy during maximum exertion.
    - - Glucose is used by glycolitic fibers to provide ATP through glycolysis. These fibers tire easily after a short period of time of sustained muscle activity.
    - - These common electrolytes serve unique functions in the body in addition to it general function of contributing to the exertion of osmotic pressure. They need to be maintained within a normal concentration range in the blood plasma by an input equal to output system.
        
        The loss of electrolytes can lead to several symptoms such as cramps, muscle weakness, fatigue, and even death.
        
        As physical activity increases the intake of electrolytes should be increased and not just water consumption. Electrolytes play a critical role maintaining the equilibrium of water through out the body since water goes where electrolytes (charged ions) are present.
    - - Are obtained and absorbed by the digestive sytem, therefore must be included in dietary intake.
        
        When increasing physical activity, these macronutrients need to be increased as well since they are being used up faster by the body. They provide fuel for the process of cellular respiration to form ATP and provide energy for to the body.
- - - - Effects: swelling and decrease in blood volume and blood pressure
        
        Possible symptoms include: nausea, lethargy, confusion, headache, cramps, seizures, coma, and even death.
    - - Effects: cells become hyperpolarized, interfering with neuron and muscle function.
        
        Possible symptoms: nervous and muscle tissue are less excitable, muscle weakness can be severe enough to cause paralysis of the diaphragm leading to respiratory arrest.
    - - Effects: increased nerve excitability, causes changes in concentration of other ions.
        
        Possible symptoms: muscle cramps, and if severe it can cause seizures, coma, and respiratory arrest.
    - - Effects: overexitability of muscles and nerves
        
        Possible symptoms: numbness, tingling, muscle spasms, skeletal muscle going into tetany causing laryngospasms and suffocation.
    - - Effects: many due to the decreased production of ATP
        
        Possible symptoms: weakness and dysfunction of nervous symptom and both skeletal and cardiac muscle.
    - - Effects: changes in neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and central nervous system.
        
        Possible symptoms: muscle twitches, tremors, hyperactive reflexes, mental confusion, and depression.