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Family- Topic 4 - Coggle Diagram
Family- Topic 4
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Child Centeredness
Aries: 20th century = ' Age of The Child'
- Society has become 'child centred'
Children are valued, loved and protected
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Main reason for emergence of child-centeredness = as a result of the improved standard of living there was a major decline in infant mortality
Increased availability of contraception - couples could have the choice of family size - can also invest more time in them selves in terms of love, socialisation and protection
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Present Day-
- Social media sexualises children (dancing with profane language and dances that enforce this)
- Predators have easy access to children online
- Age Restrictions are in place but people still lie about their age
Position of children
Unhappy Children
- Womack - British children of the West are unhappiest
- Family breakdown has been experienced (not in contact with biological father) - more prone to bad physical/mental health (school failure, early exposure to alcohol and drugs) - increased risk of unsafe sex (teen pregnancy) - 3.7 million children living in poverty
- Margo - Children spend more time with peers rather than adults (lack of parents when needed = unloved)
- Rees - 9% of children (14-16) runaway overnight at least once a year
- Inability to obtain legal working rights means less of an escape from family life
- 3000 crimes (sex offences and arson) are committed by children 10 and under - can't be prosecuted
- Each year 75,000 children enter CJ system (elders say it is because of inadequate socialisation) - it is an escape from child centeredness (might not make happy) - Link to New Right
-Position of children = concerning - reports of child trafficking, child prosecution, child porn
Child Abuse
- NSPCC (2011) found that 1 in 5 children have been ill treated in their childhood
- 2013 - Dep of Education = 43,100 children are on a CPP (Child Protection Plan) due to forms of abuse
- Over 1 in 3 out of 1 million registered as in need and at risk
- Childline has helped over 3.5 million children since 1986 (physical and sexual abuse are in top 10 concerns)
- Recent increases of depression
- Womack - 30% children complain about nastiness from siblings (sibling abuse)
- 31% have been kicked, pushed or sexually touched by siblings
- Bowes et al - children bullied by siblings are 2x as likely to suffer with depression/self harm
Legal Controls
- Laws restrict what people can do (arose from the desire to protect health and safety, exploitation (minimum wage) and harm form child abuse and paedophilia
- Many laws preventing children and young people from engaging in activities which they're thought not yet to be sufficiently mature enough to participate in (Driving (17), Having sex (16), Voting (18))
- Children have fewer legal rights than other ages - protection / form of control
- undermines independence, enforces adult independency
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Child Liberationists
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Neglect and Abuse (The Dark Side)
- Childline receive 20,000 calls a year by children saying they have been abused
Control over space
- Children go to school, watched in shopping centres
- Road safety and 'stranger danger' means children can't walk alone
- 'No school children' signs in shops
Control over bodies
- How they sit, walk, run, dress
- Control how they touch their own bodies (don't pick your nose!)
Control over time
- Control their daytime
- How quickly they grow up
Age Patriarchy
- Gittins
- Describes inequalities between adults and children (domination and dependency)
Disappearing Childhood
Postman 1994
- 'Childhood is disappearing at a dazzling speed'
because of:
-Similarity in clothing
- Same rights as adults
This is because of the
rise and fall of print culture and then TV culture
- Advances may be eroding cultural division between childhood and adult status
There's been 2 eras
Before = Print Culture
- Illiteracy in children - restricted access to information (adults kept knowledge about 'sex, money, violence and illness' an 'adult matter' and in secret)
Now = TV Culture
- Makes information available to adults and children
- The boundary has been broken down and adult authority has been weakened
Contemporary Society
- Children exposed to things much earlier - has an affect on them
In the Middle Ages
- Illiteracy (children) and verbal coms (adults) were common
19th Century
- Childhood separated from adulthood - growing commonality of printed works
- Adults had power over knowing things as they could read
Tv in more recent years
- Tech has broken down, info hierarchy, child ignorance, innocence and naivety are broken
Critics
- Childhood has become a major economic force:
Taste in consumer goods have a major influence on whats produced and purchased
Buckingham - Pester power links
- It is far from disappearing
Social Media and Screen Time
- Children spend excessive time on screens meaning they lead unhealthy lives (not wanting to go out)
Exposure to Violent Video Games
- Young people play games for 18+ meaning they see things and hear things that aren't suitable for that age category
Child Obesity
- Now there is lacking ' good eating habits'
- Fast food= a treat - cheap and quick (women working means less times for good meals than in previous years)
Palmer Argues
- Rapid technology + Cultural change (junk food, damaged physical, emotional and intellectual development)
- Parents occupy children with technology because they're too busy to provide them with a 'proper childhood' - virtual babysitter
- 'Toxic childhood syndrome' = social and behavioural problems
- Nordic Countries start school aged 7 (parents have care allowance until aged 3 - this can be traded for childcare = play based and outdoors (reading and writing is often picked up on the way) - lacks pressures from primary school (UK)
- Japan and Korea - educational based - children aren't pushed until older - school starts at 6
- Singapore - Changed Testing Programme - No testing children until aged 8
- UK start school at 4-5
- Tests begin as early as 5
- Children get bored at school
- Advances in technology - pester power is worrying (companies buy psychologists to help them create adverts to help manipulate parents into spending money)
- Worrying mental health figures
- 'Girls just need to have fun'
- Girls are more socialised than boys = they're more compliant with school and more bothered about social issues than boys - but have increased anxiety levels
- Boys more often reject socialisation
- Having freedom is a positive not negative
- Males = more susceptible to developing disorders and mental health disorders because they only have one X chromosome (biological not sociological)
- Present day 70% of males are suffering in the covid lockdown
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