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Topic 15: Latin American National States - Coggle Diagram
Topic 15: Latin American National States
Skill
Expose the main characteristics of the National Latin-American’s States after the independence and its influence in the construction of the identity of the countries in the present
what did we have?
Many dead
Economic crisis
Agricultural and commercial chaos
Debts
Regional rivalries :
Centralists vs federalists
Liberal vs conservative
Civil wars
what did we need?
National market
Communication: means & roads
Constitution
Name
Currency
Defined borders
Brazil
Emperor of Brazil Peter I:
Abdicated in 1831.
Discredited by the war Argentine-Brazilian wars, in which Uruguay lost
Pedro II :
Emperor (14years old)
govern for 58 years
Argentina
Federalists vs. Centralists
1829: President Juan Manuel de Rosas - 20 years
1852: a constitution integrated in one country to all the regions of Viceroyalty of La Plata
Bartolomé Mitre & Domingo Fautisno Sarmiento
Extermination of Indigenous
Railways
Agriculture
Basic Education
Civil Marriage
1880: Buenos Aires - Capital
MEXICO'S BEGINNiNG OF INDEPENDENT LIFE
Juarez - Liberal Reform
Free market economy
Separation Church - State
Secularized education
Privileges of "corporations" ended
1862: French invassion
1876: Porfiriato, 35 years dictatorship
Concentration of lands.
Foreign investments in mines.
Development without indigenous.
1910: Mexican revolution
1824: Constitution - Federal Republic of the United Mexican States.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (1794-1876), 11 times president
Peru
First years struggles between military to reach power
1836 - 1839: Peruvian-Bolivian confederation
Mariscal Ramón Castilla: Restructure and order the country - guano export
WARS
BAD economic situation:
Against Spain
Pacific War (1879-83)
Colombia
1851: manumission of the slaves
1850: The coffee boom produced the colonization of Antioquia (capital Medellín)
1849: epidemic of cholera killed some 20 000 people
COLOMBIA HAD MANY CIVIL WARS
1839: against liberal president Marquez (4 years)
1853 / 1863: 2 liberal constitutions
Federalism
Suffrage - all men over 21 years old
Directed popular vote
Freedom of expression
1886: New constitution "Regeneration"
Abolished federalism - central government
Recognized the Catholic as a state religion.
Venezuela
Andean Countries
The first years of the independent life of the Andean Republics
Mass poverty
Political dispersion
Civil wars
1826: José Antonio Páez led a rebellion against Santander
1829: Gran Colombia separation
1830: Constituent Congress in Valencia
Bolivia
Bolivia: in honor to Simón Bolivar - Antonio José de Sucre
Pacific War: Bolivia lose its way to the sea
Successive military coups
"The Conservative-liberal oligarchy": a period of democratic stability supported by silver and tin sales
