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Biology Semester One - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Occurs in the Chloroplat
        
        Light Dependent- Tykloids
        
        Calvin Cycle- In the stroma
      - Chemical equation: CO2 + Light Energy+ water -> Oxygen and Glucose(Sugar).
      - Purpose: Convert light energy into chemical energy that is used for food.
    - - Purpose: Break down sugar with oxygen and convert it into ATP.
      - Chemical equation: Oxygen + Glucose -> CO2, Water and ATP
      - Occurs in the mitochondria
    - - Lactic Acid Fermentation
        
        Chemical reaction: Pyruvic Acid + NADH -> Lactic Acid and NAD+
        
        Purpose: To produce ATP by breaking down organic nutrients.
        
        It occurs when there is no oxygen.
        
        Application: In the production of yogurt, cheeses and fermented milks.
      - Alcohol Fermentation
        
        Checmical reaction: Pyruvic Acid + NADH -> Alcohol, CO2 and NAD+
        
        Purpose: To produce ATP through anarobic conditions(without oxygen).
        
        It occurs when there is no oxygen.
        
        Application: In the producition of alcoholic beverages(bread, wine and beer).
  - - - Fats
        
        Unsatu
      - Phospholipids
      - Steroids
    - - Polysaccharides
      - Monosaccharides
      - disaccharide
    - - 5 carbon sugar
      - nitrogen base
      - phosphate group
    - - Amino Acids
- - - - Adhesion
      - Cohesion
      - High Specific Heat
      - Floating Ice
- - - - Phase 1- G1
      - Synthesis
      - G2
    - - Prophase
      - Metaphase
      - Anaphase
        
        Checkpoint
      - Telophase
      - Cytokenesis
        
        2 daughter cells
- - - - Cell Theory
        
        -All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
        
        The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
        
        -All cells come from preexisting cells.
  - - - Purpose: are algae that is able to reproduce with a substance called silica, by later undergoing photosynthesis to produce oxygen.
      - Diatoms are the secret to Earth’s oxygen supply
- - - - The cell membrane is composed of two phospholipid layers
        that help transport things inside and outside the cell
        
        Head: Phosphate group + glycerol
        Tail: Fatty acid chains
        
        Proteins: Penetrate the entire bilayer other just stick on the periphery. These act as channels or receptors to transport materials and cell signals.
        
        Cholesterol: Act as structure regulators. When temperature is low cholesterol acts as spacers to loosen up the phosphate lipids. When temperature is high cholesterol brings phosphate lipids together.
      - Transport Mechanisms
        
        Purpose: to move small materials of small molecular weight across the membrane.
        
        Difussion
        
        Osmosis
        
        Facilitated Difussion
        
        Active transport: Drives molecules across a membrane from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration. This transport requires energy(chemical energy-ATP)
        
        Passive Transport:does not require energy to move substances across cell membranes.