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ANIMAL RESPONSES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - learning
      - memory
      - personality
      - conscious thought
  - - - posture
      - balance
      - non-voluntary movement
  - - - heart rate
      - breathing rate
      - reflexes
  - - - temp
      - water balance
- - - - links to SAN/AVN via motor neurones
      - neurones form accelerator nerva
      - part of sympathetic nervous system
      - increases heart rate
      - neurotransmitter is noradrenaline
    - - links to SAN/AVN via motor neurones
      - neurones from vagus nerve
      - part of parasympathetic nervous system
      - decreases heart rate
      - neurotransmitter is acetylcholine
  - - - pressure receptors
        
        detect changes in blood pressure
      - present in aorta, vena cava and cartoid arteries
    - - chemical receptors
        
        detect changes in chemicals (eg. CO2)
      - present in aorta, cartoid arteyy and medulla
- - - - innervates glands and smmoth muscles
        
        arterioles constrict diverting blood to essential organs
      - innervates adrenal medulla causing release of adrenaline and noradrenaline
    - - hypothalamus releases CRF
        
        stimulates pituitary to secrete ACTH
        
        which stimulates adrenal cortex to relaes many stress hormones (e.g cortisol, aldosterone)
- - - - voluntary movements
      - inputs from sense organs
      - heavily myelinated motor neurones (rapid responses)
    - - sympathetic
        
        flight and fight
        
        excitatory responses
        
        neurotransmitter is noradrenaline
      - parasympathetic
        
        rest and digest
        
        relaxing/ inhibitory responses
        
        neurotransmitter is acetylcholine
      - input from internal receptors
      - innervates glands, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
      - neurones not myelinated
- - - - by doctors to check for brain activity in unconscious patients
        
        if absent there is lack of function in brainstem and patient could be declared brain-dead