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Port Security and Environmental Protection, Jorge Romero - Cédula 3-724…
Port Security and Environmental Protection
Port Security and Environmental Protection
Definition
Environmental protection: Any personal or community action, public or private, that seeks to defend, improve or enhance the quality of natural resources
Port security means the protection of persons, goods, ships, port facilities and infrastructure.
Importance
The marine environment is an essential component of the global life-sustaining system and a valuable resource that needs to be maintained, with the limitations of a developing country.
Background
In the 19th century, sailing gave way to steam navigation and somehow the sea entity and passengers had a better chance of dealing with the usual dangers of maritime navigation, as ships could use their own machines to avoid storms, rocks or other vessels.
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) was adopted on 2 November 1973 following a conference held in London at the headquarters of the International Maritime Organization.
Competition areas
Protection is an essential component of the economic viability of the maritime transport system and international competitiveness.
Environmental impact of the port sector and its impact on the coastal area
Causes
Dredging: excavation, scraping, dredging with drag cable and suction dredging to extract sand, silt, rocks or other material from the seabed.
Hydrocarbons, because they are not miscible with water, float in it forming a layer of variable thickness, which moves at the rate of sea currents.
Man uses the sea for trade, fishing, for recreational purposes, to extract some chemicals and to deposit increasing amounts of waste of different types.
Decreased environmental pollution (water, air and soil).
Chemical contamination occurs when organic products such as anionic detergents and fatty and inorganic acids in the form of ions of sulphates, phosphates, nitrates, chlorides and bicarbonates, among many others, are thrown into water.
Soil contamination is caused by chemicals and garbage.
Air pollution is any change in the balance of these components, which alters the physical and chemical properties of air"
Pollution and declining resources
It is the introduction by man, directly or indirectly, of substances or energy into the marine environment, including estuaries, resulting in harmful effects such as damage to living resources, danger to human health.
ISO 1400 Standards
La ISO 14000 se basa en el compromiso de la ISO de apoyar el objetivo del "desarrollo sostenible" que surgió de la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo, celebrada en Río de Janeiro en 1992.
The intention of ISO 14000 standards is:
provide a framework for a global and strategic approach to the organization's environmental policies, plans and actions.
ISO 1400 can be implemented by a wide range of organizations, whatever their current level of environmental performance,
however, it requires a commitment to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations, along with a commitment to continuous improvement.
Port Security
Protection Categories
Scope
Ships
Cargo ships, including high-speed, gross tonnage of 500 TRG or more.
It applies to the following types of vessels engaged in international travel: Passenger ships, including high-speed vessels.
Mobile offshore drilling units.
Port Facilities
In the case of port facilities it applies to all those that provide services to the aforementioned vessels.
Measures impacting governments
Establish an appropriate national framework, designating the responsible body.
Establish safety levels (1 x low; 2 x medium, 3 x high) and transmit such information, to vessels operating under the national flag.
The International Code for the Maritime Protection of Ships and Port Facilities (ISPS)
it aims to provide a consistent regulatory framework for assessing risks, and to prevent terrorist attacks using maritime transport as a route through ships, cargo and passenger facilities
Required documents and certifications
A record document of the history of each vessel, called "continuous Synopsis Record (CSR)", is available.
The need to take extra care of the procedures for issuing identification documents is recognized in order to avoid the risk of those being handed over to those who should not receive it, as is the importance of having an international database
Environmental Policy and Strategies
Environmental Management Guidelines
The general guidelines of an "Environmental Law" rest on detailed analyzes feasible for the achievement of the long-awaited "quality of life", since the preservation of the environment has no justification in itself, nor does it have the mere mechanics of legal regulation, but for the sake of achieving a more human world for the benefit of man.
Environmental protection
They are the guiding principles for the conservation, defense and improvement of the environment for the benefit of quality of life.
La protección del medio ambiente incluye:
Rational use of marine soils, waters, marine flora and fauna and other marine natural resources depending on the values of the environment.
The creation, protection, conservation and improvement of marine national parks, watersheds, etc., for the benefit of ecological balance and collective well-being.
Territorial planning and planning of construction processes according to the values of the environment, on coasts and land surrounding them.
The prohibition or correction of degrading activities of the marine environment.
Environmental studies and port management
This study should identify, describe and assess in an appropriate manner, and depending on the particularities of each specific case, the noticeable foreseeable effects that the project would have on the various environmental aspects.
Communication Mechanisms
The objective of environmental communication strategies is to incorporate as many people as possible into this gigantic process of social, economic and scientific transformation brought about by the new relationship environment and development.
Environmental protection and port development
IMO conventions directly or indirectly related to the prevention, control and repair of marine pollution.
The International Convention to Prevent Approapproaches, a Convention on Cargo Lines, the International Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Caused by Oil Pollution of Sea Waters, an international convention
International Convention to Prevent Pollution from Ships -MARPOL 73 / 78
It was made in London in 1973 and the Convention, adopted at that time, is the most ambitious of international treaties ever known on marine pollution.
International Conventions Related to the Protection of the Marine Environment:
MARPOL 73/78. Ballast and sediment water of ships. Hemispheric Conference on Port Environmental Protection. Project "ECOPorts".
Environment and Ports
Environment and Global Sustainable Development Policy
The main United Nations agency responsible for the issue of the environment is the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which is responsible.
Evaluar y determinar el estado del medio ambiente mundial
Determine which environmental issues require international cooperation.
Integrate environmental issues into the economic social policies and programmes of the United Nations system
Provide assistance in formulating international environmental legislation
Country duties and commitments
Establish goals and objectives that guide continuous environmental improvement.
Comply and closely observe compliance with all environmental legal extremes, standards and procedures, which avoid adverse effects on the environment.
Adopt, document, implement and maintain the necessary measures to minimize the environmental impacts that may be caused in port operations in general.
Establish the necessary communication channels to disseminate widely to staff, suppliers, concessionaires and the Company as a whole, on established procedures and standards.
The importance of the environment in port development
Ports must be recognized as parts of a whole, integrated into a city, which can be a dominant central role, or just be part of a chain of economic activities.
The transformation of a port as a transshipment point into a complex node requires significant changes such as dredging and deepening of access channels, new buildings, expansion of docks or construction of breakwater.
Environmental Management Strategies
The Environmental Management Plan is a technical instrument of the Environmental Impact Assessment, which is defined as that document of a pre-established format, which in addition to making an overall forecast of the most relevant environmental aspects and impacts that will generate the activity to be developed
Workplace Security
Emergency and self-protection plans
It is human planning and organization for the optimal use of the technical means envisaged, with the aim of minimizing the possible human and economic consequences that may arise from a created emergency situation.
Industrial hygiene
A set of rules and procedures for the protection of the physical and mental integrity of the worker, preserving him from the health risks inherent in the tasks of the office and the physical environment in which they are carried out.
Objetives:
Eliminate the causes of occupational diseases
Reduce the harmful effects caused by work in sick people or carriers of physical defects
Maintaining workers' health
Preventing the worsening of diseases and injuries
Increase productivity by controlling the work environment.
Safety at work
According to the company's organizational scheme, security services aim to establish standards and procedures,
Work safety covers three main areas of activity:
Accident prevention
Theft prevention
Fire prevention
Chemical, physical and biological agents
Physical Risks
Noise
The effects of noise in men are classified as follows: 1) Effects on hearing mechanism. 2) General effects.
Other physical hazards are:
· Pressures.
· Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
· Temperature.
· Extreme Temperatures (Cold, Heat).
· Ilumination.
· Infrared and Ultraviolet Radiation.
· Vibrations.
Biological risks
Anchylostomiasis: Anchilostomiasis is a purely professional disease, caused by a worm.
We bite: The mistlete is a disease of the so lipids, but very contagious to man; infected horse and donkey are very dangerous
Anthrax: It is the most common case of external infection with the bacillus anthracis, first a red macula appears as the bite of an insect, it bursts and starts a small slag that goes from yellow to dark yellow, and finally, to black charcoal.
Tetanus: This infection is characterized by muscle contractions and seizures, which are of interest to some muscle groups or become widespread.
Allergy: It is an altered reaction, usually specific, that reflects previous contacts with the same or similar agent of its chemical composition
Icythrochetosis Icterohemorágica: This disease caused by the leptospira of unadacido, is spread through the rat that infects with its orines the waters or food.
Chemical hazards:
Powders: Dust is a particular contaminant capable of producing diseases that are grouped under the generic name of pneumoconiosis.
Other types of chemical hazards
Vapores.
Líquidos.
Disolventes.
Right to prevention
Any source of work should carry out activities aimed at the prevention of occupational risks in order to carry out a loss check
The need to protect workers, against the causes of occupational diseases and accidents at work, is an unobjectionable issue.
Work medicine
It is dedicated to the care of the psychophysical well-being of workers in their daily tasks. Prevention seeks to maintain the balance between external attacks always present in the harmful elements of the work
Prevention of occupational hazards
Occupational risk prevention is the discipline that seeks to promote the safety and health of workers by identifying, evaluating and controlling the hazards and risks associated with a productive process.
Risk: This is the probability of an adverse event, impact, or consequence.
Ergonomics and Applied Psychology
Ergonomics is the field of multidisciplinary knowledge that studies the characteristics, needs, abilities and skills of human beings.
Applied Psychosociology
Psycho-sociology deals with those organizational factors of work that can affect both the welfare or health (physical, mental and social) of the worker and the very development of the work.
Jorge Romero - Cédula 3-724-749