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UK democracy - Coggle Diagram
UK democracy
Types of constitution
UNCODIFIED CONSTITUTION:
- A constitution where there is no single document outlining the constitution and instead it is spread over multiple documents
- the UK is uncodified
CODIFIED CONSTITUION:
- where the constitution is all written down in one single document
- the US is codified
FLEXIABLE:
- The constitution can be changed without any lengthy process
- the UK is flexable
RIGID:
- it requires a lengthy and diffucult process to change it
UNENTRENCHED:
- Constitutional laws are no different from statue laws
- the UK is unentrenched
ENTRENCHED:
- It is diffucullt to amend or alter constitutianal laws
- the US is entrenched
Constitutional reforms
REFORMS THAT ENHANCE DEMOCRACY:HOL REFORM (1999)
- took away power from the most undemocratic section of parliament
ELECTORAL REFORM:
- introduced proportional representation in all devolved assemblies
RECALL (2005):
- a MP can be recalled by their constituency to face a bi-election
HOC REFORM:
- gave more power to backbenchers to prevent government from becoming to powerful
ENGLISH VOTES FOR ENGLISH LAWS:
- Laws concerning only England, gives English MPs more input
REFORMS THAT DECENTRALISE POWER:DEVOLUTION:
- devolved powers to Scotland, Wales and Northen Ireland
EXITING THE EU:
- returned all decision making power back to British government
ELECTED MAYORS:
- gave power over large areas to locally elected mayors
REFORMS THAT ENHANCE RIGHTS:HUMAN RIGHTS ACT (1998):
- made the European Convention on Human Rights law accessible in the UK courts
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (2000):
- provided public access to documents held by public authorities
REFORMS THAT MODERNISE THE SYSTEM: FIXED TERM PARLIAMENT ACT:
- moved the elections to every five years to reduce PM perogative powers
CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM ACT:
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UK DEVOLVED BODIES
SCOTTISH PARLIAMENT AND GOVERNMENT:
- The Scotland Act 1998, gave them primary powers and income tax powers
- the Scotland Act 2012, gave them tax-varying power
- Scotland Act 2016, extended transport, energy and social security powers
WELSH ASSEMBLY AND GOVERNMENT:
- the Wales Act 1998, gave secondary legislative powers
- the Wales Act 2016, gave them primary legislative powerrs
- the Welsh referendum gave them the right to make direct law-making decisions
NORTHEN IRELAND EXECUTIVE AND ASSEMBLY:
- The NI Act of 1998, created their assembly
- in 2005, gained power to set corporation tax