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IUPAC Naming - Coggle Diagram
IUPAC Naming
Alkanes
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Functional Group
C-C single bond, saturated
Change in BP
Increases with chain length. More intermolecular bonds to break, requiring more heat.
At room temperature: First 4 gases, Next 12 liquids and rest are solids.
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Isomers
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Branched isomers have lower BP, becasue branches make it harder for molecules to get close and low intermolecular forces need to be overcomed.
Alkenes
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Chemical Equations
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Addition reactions
Hydrogen
C2H4(g) + H2(g) --> C2H6(g) *Needs heat, pressure and a catalyst
Steam
C2H4(g) + H2O(g) <--> C2H5OH(l) *Needs heat, pressure and a catalyst
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Alcohols
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Chemical equations
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Addition reaction
C2H4(g) + H2O(g) <--> C2H5OH(l) *Needs 570 celsius, 60-70 atm and phosphoric acid
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Esters
Condensation reaction
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Reversible, needs concentrated sulfuric acid
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Refining Crude Oil
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Cracking: Making long chain hydrocarbons into short chain ones through thermal decomposition; high temperatures and catalyst.