Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Native American Treatment - Coggle Diagram
Native American Treatment
Early Europeans
Early Colonialists
Christopher Columbus:
Largely credited with "finding" the Americas, he treated the Native peoples he found poorly and took slaves, many others would do the same.
Samuel de Champlain:
The father of New France, ergo Canadian colonialism. He treated the Iroquis and other Natives he encountered awfully, he went as far as to kidnap a chief at one point.
Early Politicians
Early Generals
Jeffery Amherst:
Amherst was a high ranking British officer, and like others of his time, was extremely racist. When Smallpox broke out at a fort he held, he had a plan to give infected blankets to the Native population.
Remembrance:
There is much debate as whether or not to keep statues and other symbols of historical figures who are now rightfully seen as being racist, this includes all of the early Europeans shown here.
Colonialism Definition:
The policy or practice of a wealthy or powerful nation's maintaining or extending its control over other countries, especially in establishing settlements or exploiting resources.
The Hudson's Bay Company
Founding:
In 1670 King Charles II helped found the HBC and gave them a monopoly on all land with waterways connecting to Hudson's Bay. Little did he know the land would stretch across much of modern Canada, a whopping 3.9 million km².
Early Treatment of Natives:
Native Americans didn't recognize private property, so the land was given by somebody who didn't truly own it. Controlling all this land allowed them to become very powerful and monopolize the fur trade across much of Canada, as Natives in their region had to trade with them.
Early Trading:
Due to their monopoly the HBC would jack up the amount of furs that were needed for goods far beyond what was reasonable.
Blankets:
By 1700 60% of the items traded were blankets. They were high quality but due to disease being misunderstood, they often spread disease like Smallpox. They'd decimate populations of entire tribes in weeks. An HBC manager in 1781 witnessed an entire tribe, 1 child exempt, die from Smallpox as one dreadful example.
Monopolization as of 1972:
On reserves HBC stores had a monopoly, and as such would jack up their prices to the already far poorer than average reserve population. Ex. 5¢ - 20¢ for 1lb of potatoes.
Early Success:
By the 1850s 20 million pounds of furs had been shipped by the HBC.
HBC Flags:
1682-1707
1707-1801
1801-1965
Modern
Assimilate Definition:
To absorb into the cultural tradition of a population or group.
Residential Schools
John A. Macdonald:
The father of confederation and the first Prime Minister. He also instituted Residential schools and thought of Natives as "Savages". Many of the next Prime Ministers in the late 1800s and early 1900s would agree with his thoughts.
Treatment of Students:
Students were abused sexually, physically, and mentally. Parents could rarely visit the children taken to them, and the children themselves were segregated by gender.
Impact:
Residential Schools "succeeded" in eradicating the Native American culture to an extent. Many students felt out of place upon returning home and were used to the western life. They'd follow much of what was done in the schools, one such example is that ex-students would abuse their children as they were in the schools.
Closure:
Residential Schools began their destruction in 1894, and the final school would not close until 1996, nearly 100 years afterward. In total, about 150 000 Native children were forced to attend these schools.
Reparations:
Federal groups have been made to support survivors and revive Native culture. In 2007 a 1.9B package was authorized, sending $10 000 to every survivor, and an additional $3000 per year they were in school.
Apology:
On June 11th, 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper issued a formal apology about the Residential Schools.
The idea:
Many politicians at the time, including John A. Macdonald, thought of the Natives as "Savages" and their culture as being the same. Along with a western education, the schools were meant to assimilate Native children into western culture, and possibly force their culture into extinction.
The Indian Act:
Passed in 1876, limited the rights of Native Americans, most notably stripping them of the ability to celebrate their culture with things like Powwows.
