Atmosphere

The characteristics of gases

Low Density

Indefinite shape or volume

Compressibility and expandability

Diffusivity

Pressure

atmospheric composition

Nitrogen accounts for 78% of the atmosphere, oxygen 21% and argon 0.9%.

Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane, and ozone are trace gases that account for about a tenth of one percent of the atmosphere.

Changes

there is more water vapour in the air around you on a damp day.

pollutants such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide are likely to be given out from busy cities and industrial areas. But since air is continually on the move, the pollutants get spread around too.

Testing and treatment

Copper(II) sulfate test for water

When water is present in a sample of copper(II) sulfate it turns blue.

Cobalt(II) chloride test for water

Water can also be detected using blue anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride. This turns pink in the presence of water.


Treatment

Filtration

In filtration, water passes through a filter, which is made to take away particles from the water.

pH Correction

To adjust pH levels, lime is combined with filtered water.

Extraction

fractional distillation.

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the gases in air have different boiling points. So when liquid air is warmed up, the gases boil at different temperatures, and can be collected one by one.

Emission of greenhouse gases

Effects

Greenhouse gases have far-ranging environmental and health effects. They cause climate change by trapping heat, and they also contribute to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution. Extreme weather, food supply disruptions, and increased wildfires are other effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gases.

Sources

From burning fossil fuels