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CHAPTER 9: POLICY CHANGE & TERMINATION, GROUP MEMBER - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 9:
POLICY CHANGE & TERMINATION
WHAT IS POLICY CHANGE?
refers to an adjustment made to an existing public policy.
involve a replacement of certain parts/ aspects of a policy.
involve an adoption of a new policy to complement/supplement the existing one.
happens after a thorough evaluation of the existing policy with respect to its performance in terms of failure and/or success.
WHAT IS POLICY TERMINATION?
Policy termination
theories are fundamentally about change, changes toward policy, environment and etc.
State & local terminations are less frequently and consistently connected to political forces.
Terminations could be interpreted as a signal of policy failure.
Federal terminations are often linked to federal human power turnover, divided government and political shifts.
Most attention that policy termination received has come from journalistic political expertise that severely criticizes government.
Result in limited interest in cutting, reinventing, or terminating government programs.
However, mature organization are considered as immune towards termination.
TYPES OF POLICY CHANGE
DIRECT CHANGE
linear change involve direct change of an existing policy with certain parts.
MERGING PREVIOS POLICY
Consolidation change in policy- we mean merging the previous policy into new policy.
ENTIRE CHANGE IN EXISTING POLICY
Non-linear policy change- we mean an entire change in the existing policy/complete replacement with new policy.
REASONS FOR POLICY CHANGE & TERMINATION
dissatisfaction with its cost and consequences
development and expansion of political opposition may produce variety of responses
evaluation and appraisal of the policy
TYPES OF POLICY TERMINATION
FUNCTIONAL TERMINATION
termination of the functional area of policy only.
eg. termination of functional operation of entire garbage collection by private body under privatization policy.
ORGANIZATIONAL TERMINATION
refers to elimination of an entire organization.
due to bad performance in policy implementation.
POLICY TERMINATION
to eliminate a policy if it is discovered that the underlying approach and/or underlying philosophy behind it is no longer believed to be a corrective solution to the problem it aimed to address.
PROGRAM TERMINATION
involves the elimination of some specific programs designed for implementation of a policy
CHALLENGES OF POLICY TERMINATION
Intellectual reluctance
For policymakers, the admission of policy failure is tantamount to acknowledging
mistakes in their career and this may significantly harm their fame as well as their future incentives: re-election.
For the executives, admitting policy failure whose outcome might lead to termination is critically avoided on the accounts of invested energy and labor in the process.
such harsh undertaking (termination) will also have detrimental response to their interest or development prospects.
bureaucratic jobs such as policy legislation and governance depend on a program’s continuation hence, the simple ‘face-saving’ move against termination is the modest response by making marginal changes to programs or policies
Institutional Permanence
the longer an institution exists, the more resilient it becomes
Tendency for institutional permanence is, therefore, an assurance to political and bureaucratic life for an
extended time, regardless of due efficiency and relevance desired
ANTI-TERMINATION COALITION
public programs become the stimuli for the development of coalitions of staff, constituents, & other groups.
who have common and intense interests in maintaining those programs according to DeLeon.
these coalitions may be strongly committed and may intensely resist change and ignore contrary evidence
Legal Obstacles
Just like policy formulation, implementation and establishment of organizations follow certain legal procedures, so must policy termination and the withdrawal of organizations pursue. Such processes are not only time-consuming, but also complex.
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Start-up cost
Cost of termination:
The cost to be borne to start the new public policy.
Moral repugnance that the target groups feel that they are abandoned is much more revealing and resonating in the negative than positive
Obstacles to terminate public policies or program are not only the ones we have seen so far.
consider a critical public service being delivered for some time
GROUP MEMBER
GLENN ACHANG HENRY 2020989139
TEOFILUS ANYI THOMAS 2020957647
LIYANA BATRISYIA BINTI NAZARUDIN 2020989117
VANAESSA EVANGELISTA BINTI DAMIAN 2020765287