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GLOBAL ISSUES & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, NURATIQAH SHAMSUDDIN…
GLOBAL ISSUES & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Limits: Population & Food
Impact of food production
Marginal production land
Fertilizers
Pesticides
Mono-crops
Mechanized equipment
Irrigation
Limits: Resources & Energy
Resources problem?
Resource scarcity will encourage further discovery
Resource scarcity will encourage substitutes
Resource scarcity will encourage recycling
Resource scarcity will encourage efficiency of use
How is "Resource Scarcity" Measured?
If a resource is becoming scarce, we would expect its price to go up
Resource Limits
Non-renewable resources are finite. Some we can recycle, others are used up.
Renewable resources can be, and have been, exploited beyond their capacity to regenerate
Limits: Pollution
Pollution
Air pollution
Water pollution
Soil contamination
Radioactive contamination
Thermal pollution
Worst Polluted Places
Factors
No regulations
Illegal operation
Poor technology
Accidents, leaks
Effects
Cancer
Skin illnesses
Respiratory diseases
Gastrointestinal disorders
Birth defects
Sustainability
Strong Sustainability
Certain natural capital has no substitute
Keep a non-declining natural capital stock
Natural and human capital are complements not substitutes
“Ecological Economics Approach”
Ecological Economics Ideals
Resource consumption
Renewable
Non-renewable
Waste and pollution
Non-persistent
Persistent pollutants
Weak Sustainability
Different types of capital
Natural
Human
Man-made
Assumes that different forms of capital are substitutable with one another
Unsustainability
increasing pressure results in loss or degradation of natural capital
What is progress?
Growth and Prosperity
Gross Domestic Product
Economic activity indicator only
Measures consumption
Promotes drawdown of natural capital
Genuine Progress Indicator
Attempts to measure welfare of society more accurately
Discounts uneconomic “growth”
Includes indicators for well being
Techno-realism
While technological innovation is necessary for humanity to progress it does not seem to be sufficient
How Engineers can Help Save the World
Acknowledging future risks and trade-offs
By not being technocrats
Participating in the public policy process
NURATIQAH SHAMSUDDIN (DE170153)