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How might Dave’s situation at school be understood in relation to the…

- - - - Succesful outcome - do the same again to get this cause
      - Unsuccessful - possibility to alter this for a more positive outcome
        
        Did this by wanteing to do music and not academic
- - - - found two models in particular accounted for most variance in students' ability to deal with academic setback and adversity: the individual characteristics model and the supportive school community model
      - key factors were locus of control, academic engagement, and self-efficacy. In terms of the supportive school community, amongst the key factors were positive teacher–student relationships.
- - - - The fourth type of alienation refers to isolation.
        
        assign low reward value to goals or beliefs that are typically highly valued in the given societ
        
        could say about his parents not agreeing with him going into music
- - - - An example being music - getting a good grade so wanting to continue doing this
      - Positive reinforcement strengthens a behavior by providing a consequence an individual finds rewarding.
        
        Old school - getting good grades and being popular so wanting to carry on with this status
      - Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior because it stops or removes an unpleasant experience
  - - - Doesnt like the new school because he isnt doing as well
  - - - Deci referred to such activities as intrinsically motivated and raised the question of how extrinsic rewards would affect people's intrinsic motivation for these activities.
    - - Events that allow needsatisfaction tend to increase intrinsic motivation whereas those thatthwart need satisfaction tend to decrease intrinsic motivation.
        
        rewards can be interpreted by recipients primarily ascontrollers of their behavior or, alternatively, as indicators of theircompetence.
        
        rewards are predicted to thwartsatisfaction of the need for autonomy, lead to a more externalperceived locus of causality
    - - people sometimes engage in behaviors to gain acknowl-edgment or approval—so verbal rewards also have the potential toundermine intrinsic motivation.