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Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, Kohlberg's…
Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Trust vs. Mistrust
-occurs between birth and 1 year age
-depend and develop based on adults for everything they do.
-child that fail to develop trust will make them in fear and believe this world is inconsistent and unpredictable.
-trust successfully develop where there are a balance from both sides which are the child and caregivers.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
-Focus on child developing and children start to perform basic actions on their own and make a simple decision.
-children develop sense of autonomy and physical skills such as toilet training, choosing the food, toys and clothing.
-if the child is success, it leads to feelings of autonomy - if fail, they feel sham and doubt.
Initiative vs. Guilt
-children begin to assert their power and control over the world during preschool years.
-they feel capable and able to lead others and will feel guilty, self-doubt and lack initiative when they fail in this stage.
Industry vs. Inferiority
-begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities at age 5 to 11.
-children will develop the sense of competence and belief in their skills when encouraged and commended by parents and teachers
Identity vs. Confusion
-continue developing sense of personal identity that influence behavior and development for the rest of their life.
-success will lead to stay to themselves and failure leads to confusion and weak sense of self.
-ego constantly change when we move to new experiences.
Intimacy vs. Isolation
-every young adults want to have strong relationships and doesn't like the loneliness and isolation.
-person that lack of sense of self are struggle with emotional isolation, loneliness and depress.
Generativity vs. Stagnation
-the success in this stage will feel usefulness and accomplishment and the failure are cannot be seen in the world.
-the stage where everyone focusing to build their live, career and family.
-unsuccess person become unproductive and uninvolved.
Integrity vs. Despair
-only look at their past and decide either they are satisfy or regret with their life before.
-older adults that satisfy will feel the wisdom while the failures feel bitterness and despair.
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Postconventional morality
-characterized by an individual's understanding of universal ethical principles.
-people judge by self-chosen principles and moral reasoning that based on person's rights and justice.
-they tend to believe that law exists are for good and sometimes they against it.
Conventional morality
-the acceptance of social rules concerning the right or wrong.
-the adults begin to internalize the moral standards of valued adult role models.
-they tend to be seen good by others to maintain the good relationships and obey the law to maintain the social order.
Preconventional morality
-children don't have a personal code of morality and moral decisions that are shaped by the adults.
-they believe that doing bad will be punish, doing good will have the rewards.