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HSP 3U: Introduction to Psychology, Sociology, and Anthropology - Coggle…

- - - - free will
        
        do we have free will?
        
        other influences on our actions
      - why we act the way we do
    - - child development
      - 4 stages of cognitive development
        
        sensorimotor stage
        
        preoperational stage
        
        concrete operational stage
        
        formal operational stage
        
        12yrs and up
        
        7 to 11yrs
        
        2 to 7 yrs
        
        birth to 2yrs
      - how we learn and study
    - - stages of psychosocial development (Piaget)
        
        trust vs mistrust
        
        basic virtue: hope
        
        autonomy vs shame
        
        basic virtue: will
        
        initiative vs guilt
        
        industry vs inferiority
        
        identity vs role confusion
        
        2 more items...
        
        basic virtue: competency
        
        basic virtue: purpose
      - psychosexual stages of development (Freud)
        
        oral stage
        
        anal stage
        
        pallic stage
        
        latent stage
        
        genital stage
        
        1 more item...
        
        6yrs to puberty
        
        1 more item...
        
        3 to 6yrs
        
        erogenous zone: genitals
        
        1 to 3yrs
        
        erogenous zone: bowel and bladder control
        
        birth to 1yr
        
        erogenous zone: mouth
  - - - father of psychology
        
        made psychology popular to study
      - researched unconcious and concious mind
        
        impact on actions
        
        impact on choices
      - most theories disproven
    - - Psychoynamics
        
        past circumstances can affect current ones
        
        individualism
        
        each person experiences different things
        
        client centered model of therapy
        
        dream analysis
        
        id
        
        primitive and instinctual part of mind
        
        ego
        
        realistic part of mind
        
        mediates between id and superego
        
        superego
        
        moral conscience
    - - hierarchy of needs
        
        one must reach lower level before going up
        
        disproven, new model created after criticism
        
        psychological needs
        
        safety needs
        
        belongingness and love needs
        
        esteem needs
        
        self actualization
        
        1 more item...
        
        prestige band feeling of accomplishment
        
        intimate relationships, friends
        
        security, saftey
        
        food, water, shelter, rest
- - - - can influence how data is interpreted
      - prejudice in favour or against one's topic
      - can apply to all fields of social sciences
    - - usually used
      - can be too small
      - number of participants within a study
  - - - all the inhabitants of a town, country, area
  - - - controlled
    - - usually one on one
      - surveys
    - - experiential research
- - - - how different part of society work together to create society
        
        how for ex schools, hospitals and gov work for our society
        
        hospitals for ex function to take care of the sick and people unable to care for themselves
      - anomie
        
        amount of deviance withing a society
        
        if it grows big enough can lead to social changes
    - - founded my Karl Marx
      - says society is built on unequal resource distribution
        
        people with and without
      - now looking at new topics
        
        constitutional racism
        
        systems of power and who has it
    - - how women see and interact with the world
      - criticisms women and other marginalized groups may face
      - nature of gender and race inequality
        
        how race, gender, sexuality etc alter opportunities withing the world
      - intersectional feminism
        
        focuses on all marginalized groups of society
        
        gender, sexuality, race etc
    - - how symbols influence and control our actions
        
        how we interpret symbols can differ
        
        depending on race, sexuality, personality etc
      - symbols for ex clothing, logos, etc
        
        clothing can represent wealth, employment, gender
    - - study of crime and deviant behaviours
      - father of criminology is Auguste Comte
      - investigations
      - crime and how it is punished
  - - - secondary socialization
        
        anticipatory socialization
        
        resocialization
        
        having old behaviours transformed into socially acceptable ones
        
        learning how to behave in new or unfamiliar situations
        
        learning how to behave in group situations
      - learning basic skills needed to survive in society
    - - everything a society considers valuable
    - - everything a society considers normal
    - - family
        
        peer groups
        
        work place
        
        school
        
        media
        
        religion
  - - - a position one occupies in a society or social group
      - ascribed status
        
        those in which the person has no choice but to be
        
        achieved status
        
        earned or obtained with at least some effort
        
        master status
        
        main status
    - - when two roles conflict with eachother
      - role exit
        
        when a role is exited to created room for other roles to be more in use
- - - - human variation and it's significance
  - - - aspects of culture that exist naturally withing all societies
      - religion is universal
        
        every culture has some sort of religion
      - gender is universal
        
        every culture has identified genders
    - - aspects of culture that only exist in some societies
      - individual religion is particular
        
        different religions achieve the same goals differently
      - gender is particular
        
        the number of genders within cultures varies
    - - one, two, more language
        
        only number 1 and 2 exist, everything else is seen as more
        
        can't identify groups above three
      - hard hypothesis
        
        your language determines how you see the world
        
        you can't experience certain things in certain languages
      - soft hypothesis
        
        your language influences how you view the world
        
        you experience the same reality as others but interpret it differently
      - gendered language
        
        can impact non-binary peoples
        
        use of pronouns
    - - ceremony or event that marks an important stage in someone's life
      - vary throughout cultures
      - birthdays, graduations, confirmations, marriage, funeral
        
        customs surrounding life and death
      - three stages
        
        seperation
        
        people are symbollicaly seperated from old life
        
        transition
        
        people experience a ceremony or celebration
        
        incorperation
        
        people reenter their old lives, having felt a change