ADHD
What is it?
Reactive disorder
history
In the 60's US recognized it as 'reactive disorder'.
Currently on DSM5
DSM = Diagnostic and Statistic Manual
How common is it?
5% of children
50% - 80% impaired into adulthood
3% of adults
15% retained up to age 25
Diagnosis around the world
US
Ten times more than UK
over diagnose, milder cases more likely to be diagnosed, US give meds direct to the consumer,
UK
underdiagnosed
More likely to be recognized due to behavioral, girls missed, often seen as a learning dissorder - miss diagnosed
Childhood v later life
Symptoms
inattention
Impulsivity
Hyperactivity
3 Types / Presentations
Predominately hyperactive / impulsive
combined
Stages and presentations
infant / baby
Difficult to soothe, slight language delay, slight motor co-ordination issues, behaviour regulation issues, over active, impulsive
Childhood
hyperactivity or inattentiveness
Adult
Greater use of adaptive skills to reduce impact - harder to tell
Inattention
Hyperactive / impulsive
distracted, forgetful, restless, impulsive, overactive.
inattention, hyperactive, impulsive, restless, impatient, forgetful, disorganized, hyper focus
When does it start?
In the womb?
Some mothers say the unborn baby was more active
Can diagnose at age 3
Often diagnosed age 6 /7
Coincides with extra school demands
Behaviours
Why are they different to normal behaviours?
The symptoms must reach a certain level and impact on the individual's life. pervasive (across multiple settings). Start before 12.
criteria
Need multiple symptoms in 1/3 domains
Adults
5/9
Children
6/9
Symptoms
.
present for 6 months and be inappropriate for developmental level
Inattention
Fail to give attention to details or make careless mistakes
Trouble holding attention
doesn't listen
Doesn't follow instructions or fails to finish tasks
Trouble organising
Avoids prolonged mental tasks
Often loses things needed for task (pencils, pens)
Easily distracted
Forgetful
Hyperactive / Impulsive
often...
fidgets
leaves seat
runs and climbs
unable to play quietly
on the go
talks excessively
Blurts out the answer before
the question is finished
won't wait their turn
interupts
Combined
includes symptoms from both inattention and combined