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Gene Regulation and Expression, Sars CoV2 Gene: CXCL8, image, image,…
Gene Regulation and Expression
The regulation of this binding depends on activating sequences within the promoter or enhancer.
These sequences serve as binding sites for several similar and several different sequence-specific transcription factors.
Promoter
TATA box
A specific protein binds to this sequence, and this protein interacts with RNA polymerase II, thereby promoting transcription initiation.
a typical animal gene is regulated by its adjacent promoter plus several enhancers that can be located in 5' and 3' regulatory regions, as well as within introns
Enhancer
In eukaryotes, expression also depends on enhancer sequences or silencer sequences located near genes.
Enhancers are, on average, 500 base pairs in length and contain as many as 10 binding sites for multiple transcription factors. For example, a gene might be regulated by two different activators and one repressor.
Structure of Chromatin
Histones
Histones are proteins in chromatin that DNA is wrapped around, and they serve as "bouncers" for letting transcription factors gain or deny access to the chromatin. (Bodyguards)
Methylation and Acetylation
attaching methyl or acetyl group
Methylation of Histones = increase OR decrease of acetylation = REGULATION!
Methylation of DNA = more tight, INHIBITION of transcription factors
Acetylation of histones = more loose, promotes transcription and translation
Sars CoV2
Gene: CXCL8
Functional Role
The protein encoded by CXCL8 is known as: interleukin-8
interleukin-8 is a major mediator of inflammation (released to defend against inflammation)
it's functional role is to act as a chemotactic factor, which means that it guides neutrophils (white blood cells) to the inflammation!
Why the gene is expressed in infected lung cells
Mediating interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells
regulating the tumor microenvironment in primary CRC as well as its liver metastasis and promoting colorectal cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis
Angiogenesis: making new blood vessels from pre-existing ones
Regulating tumor-associated stroma
Stroma: tissue of epithelial organ
Acting directly on tumor cells
to secrete more interleukin-8, which is used to regulate inflammations by guiding neutrophils to inflammation site!
Methyl Group
Acetyl Group
Neutrophil
INFOGRAPHIC
