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Carbohydrates - Coggle Diagram
Carbohydrates
Disaccharides
(double sugars)
maltose
common in germinating seeds/malt sugar
glucose-glucose
sucrose
comes from stems or roots of plants
table sugar
glucose-fructose
lactose
animals produce it
milk sugar
galactose-glucose
Monosaccharides
(simple sugar)
hexoses
contains 6 carbon atoms
has isomeres
glucose
known as blood sugar
found in grape, honey and sweets
produced by photosynthesis
almost all living things use it as basic energy source
fructose
fruit sugar
found in ripe fruit, honey and nectar of flowers
galactose
milk sugar
trioses
contains 3 carbon atoms
intermediate products in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
pentoses
contains 5 carbon atoms
found in the structure of DNA, RNA and ATP
Polysaccharides
(many sugars)
structural
cellulose
found only in plants
found in cell wall
supports plant cells
not all organisms can hydrolyze it
chitin
made up of mainly glucose and additionally N
found in insects, crustaceans and fungi
storage
starch
produced and stored in plants
found in potatoes, rice bread, pasta etc.
existence is determined by lugol or iodine solution
glycogen
is a long and branched chain of glucose
excess sugar is stored as glycogen in bacteria, fungi and animals(liver and muscles)