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Latin America National States - Coggle Diagram
Latin America National States
After the independence
WHAT DID WE HAVE?
Many dead
Economic crisis
Agricultural and commercial chaos
Debts
Regional rivalries:
Centralists vs federalists
Liberal vs conservative
Civil wars
WHAT DID WE NEED?
Name
Constitution
National market
Communication: means & roads
Currency
Defined borders
MEXICO'S BEGINNING OF INDEPENDENT LIFE
Juarez - Liberal Reform
-Free market economy
-Separation Church - State
-Secularized education
-Privileges of "corporations" ended
1862: French invassion
1876: Porfiriato, 35 years dictatorship
-Concentration of lands.
-Foreign investments in mines.
-Development without indigenous.
1910: Mexican revolution
1824: Constitution - Federal Republic of the United Mexican States.
Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana (1794-1876), 11 times president
Argentina
Federalists vs. Centralists
1829: President Juan Manuel de Rosas - 20 years
1852: a constitution integrated in one country to all the regions of Viceroyalty of La Plata
Bartolomé Mitre & Domingo Fautisno Sarmiento
-Extermination of Indigenous
-Railways
-Agriculture
-Basic Education
-Civil Marriage
1880: Buenos Aires - Capital
Brazil
Emperor of Brazil Peter I
-Abdicated in 1831.
-Discredited by the war
Argentine-Brazilian wars,
in which Uruguay lost:
Pedro II :
-Emperor (14years old)
-govern for 58 years
Andean Countries
The first years of the independent life
of the Andean Republics
Mass poverty
Political dispersion
Civil wars
Venezuela
1826: José Antonio Páez led a rebellion against Santander
1829: Gran Colombia separation
1830: Constituent Congress in Valencia
Colombia
1849: epidemic of cholera killed some 20 000 people
1851: manumission of the slaves
1850: The coffee boom produced the colonization of Antioquia (capital Medellín)
COLOMBIA HAD MANY CIVIL WARS
1839: against liberal president Marquez (4 years)
1853 / 1863: 2 liberal constitutions
-Federalism
-Suffrage - all men over 21 years old
-Directed popular vote
-Freedom of expression
1886: New constitution "Regeneration"
-Abolished federalism - central government
-Recognized the Catholic as a state religion
Peru
BoliviaFirst years struggles between military to reach power
Mariscal Ramón Castilla: Restructure and order the country - guano export
WARS BAD economic situation:
Against Spain
Pacific War (1879-83)
Bolivia
1836 - 1839: Peruvian-Bolivian confederation
Bolivia: in honor to Simón Bolivar - Antonio José de Sucre
Successive military coups
The Conservative-liberal oligarchy": a period of democratic stability supported by silver and tin sales
Pacific War: Bolivia lose its way to the sea