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Immune System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A molecule/substance often upon a virus/cell surface which leads antibodies to form
        
        ABO Blood Groups act to tell if certain antigens on red blood cells are present or not, leading to the four types of A,B, AB, & O.
    - - Produced by mainly by plasma cell, it is a large, globular, y-shaped protein which recognizes specific antigens to bind to them as an immune response. May cause inflammation
        
        Neutralization: its attachment halts any effects or entry points for toxins in cells. Also prevents viruses from invading cells and bacteria from functioning, and thus attacking cells
        
        Opsonization: its attachment marks the pathogens so other immune cells can easily identify, find, engulf, and digest them.
        
        Agglutination: antibodies attach to each other, which causes a clumping, enhancing the effects of the previous two functions.
        
        Complement activation: antibodies attach leads to other components to attack the pathogen
- - - - Skin & its Secretions (Protects External Boundaries)
        
        Skin is continuous, thus making it difficult to find an opening. It has several layers and is tough while also being dry. Its pH isn't favorable to pathogens and lysozyme which break down pathogens. Its natural organisms work as competitive exclusion by non-harmful microbes.
      - Mucous Membranes (Protects Internal Boundaries)
        
        Sticky mucus which traps invaders
        
        pH which isn't favorable for pathogens
        
        Lysozymes which are enzymes that break down pathogens
        
        Natural organisms work as completive exclusion by non-harmful microbes
      - Blood Clotting works as a metabolic pathway which prevents blood loss and repairs tissue.
    - - Fever
      - Inflammatory Response
      - Antimicrobal Proteins
      - Phagocytic Leukocytes
        
        Move using chemotaxis to respond to invasion with proteins from pathogen or phospholipids from damaged cells. During phagocytosis, they engulf the pathogen using endocytosis, break down the pathogen using lysozymes, and remove anything else.
  - - - Natural (Exposure to infectious agent)
      - Artificial (Immunization)
    - - Natural (Maternal Antibodies)
      - Artificial (Antibodies from other sources)