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Tectonic Plates and The Haiti EQ, image-20160201-32240-8oqf5e,…
Tectonic Plates and The Haiti EQ
Plate Tectonics
Destructive Plate Boundary: A destructive plate boundary is when an oceanic plate pushes against a continental plate.The oceanic plate is denser, so it sinks under the continental plate and into the mantle.This plate begins to melt and forms new magma which rises up into a volcano.This creates friction pressure and releases shock waves of energy, which creates earthquakes.
Constructive Plate Boundary: A constructive plate is when plates move apart and magma rises to fill the gap.This forms volcanic islands that gradually grow bigger over time after eruptions.This causes the seafloor to spread around 3 cm a year and makes countries grow bigger. For example, Iceland grows every year and is getting bigger.
Conservative Plate Boundary: A conservative plate is when two plates slide past each other due to convection currents. The jagged edges on the plates cause them to get stuck. After hundreds of years of pressure building up the plates finally jolt apart, creating shock waves and earthquakes.
Earthquakes
PPP
Use technology such as seismometers and richter meters to predict for EQs
Have evacuation plans and drills to prepare and educate people
Teach and make people aware of the dangers
Build more EQ proof buildings, power supplies and continents in one's home
Give people kits and stock up on supplies
Make sure you have access to help from neighbouring countries
Christchurch EQ (HIC)
3,000 people injured and 185 dead
50% of buildings were damaged
HICs have more financial stability, meaning they have more money to have things set up such as EQ proof buildings, drills, warnings and more money for damage costs
HICs don’t take as much time to repair and recover
In HICs, there is more healthcare in places that is closer to local areas and often is free, meaning there is a higher life expectancy
Responses in a HIC are quicker as they have more HIC neighbouring countries and are able to quickly get contact and remove any problems with road blockages, leading to aid being delivered quickly
2011 - 22nd Feburary
Haiti EQ (LIC)
5 days until aid arrived
2010 - 12th January
Harbor dropped by 1m, making it difficult for aid ships to arrive
Airport control tower collapsed
316,000 died, 300,000 injured
1/3 buildings collapsed
2020 - 186,000 people still homeless
Why Live There?
Volcanoes
Perfect for growing soil and growing bigger and better crops to earn income for your family (E.g Italy-tomatoes, grapes, olives)
Family and friends live there
People can earn income through tourism such as a guide, working in a cafe, shops, hotels at places like Mt St Helens, Mt Vesuvius etc
Heat from the volcanoes is transferred into energy. 80% of Iceland's energy comes from geothermal power
Precious gems and minerals like gold, silver, and sapphires are found around volcanoes
Earthquakes
Technology helps predict EQs (E.g Seismometers to give warning)
Ignorance makes people believe it will not happen to them
Many people in LIC’s even if aware of dangers do not have the money to move their families away from danger (E.g Haiti)
Volcanoes
Caused by constructive and destructive plate boundaries
50 volcanoes erupt annually
There are around 500 active volcanoes in the world
The Ring of Fire holds 75% of the world's volcanoes
Shield Volcano
Magma forced through fissures instead of main vent
Erupt gentle eruptions out of the main vent
Lava reaches 250 ft in the air (76 m)
Lava is thick and moves around half a mph
Eruptions continue for 1-2 months
Strato Volcano
Erupt violently out of the main vent
Lava reaches 47,000 ft in the air (14,000 m)(Reaches higher than planes fly)
Pyroclastic flow reaches up to 50 mph (Volcanic bombs, ash, gas and dust)
Pyroclastic flow over 1,000 degrees ,burning and burying anything in its path
Rain after eruption causes lahars (Mudflows)
PPP
(Predict, Prepare, Protect)
Use technology to help predict eruptions
Have evacuation plans and drills to prepare and educate people
Teach and make people aware of the dangers
Give people kits and stock up on supplies
Make sure you have access to help from neighbouring countries
Measure gas levels of sulphur and ground movements (lasers, seismometers, tiltmeters)
