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CHAPTER 3: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 3: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
Managing Information.
-Business use many resources in their daily operations. Raw materials, equipment, and employees are examples of these resources.
Processing Information.
-Information processing is putting facts or numbers into a meaningful and useful form. Basic facts made up of numbers, symbols, and letters are called raw data.
Obstacles to Managing Information.
Uncoordinated procedures and files.
Duplication of information.
Incompatible databases (ones that are unable to work together).
Outdated or inaccurate information.
Missing information.
Limited access to information.
Using and Managing Information.
Many business gather data to use in making business decisions, Information enables business to answer some of their most important questions.
Complexity of business.
-A company ma process a large number of transactions each day. A transaction might be a business agreement, an exchange of data, or a sale. Operating even a small business can be quite complex
Information Technologies.
-Information technology refers to both equipment and software. Together, they allow a user to create, store, and retrieve information.
Computers connected to networks, the Internet, and outline services provide access to a wide range of resources.
Electronic imaging of documents reduces paper files and needed storage space.
Electronic mail and live video increase the flow of information and speed off responses.
Interactive voice response systems allow access to data around the clock.
Interactive references media make retrieval of data quickly and easy.
Multimedia programs enhance training effectiveness.
Volume of Transactions.
-Some companies must deal with thousand of transactions each day. Effective management of information allows these companies to run smoothly.
Banks process thousands of checks each day. They receive thousands of deposits and pay out thousands of dollars in cash each day.
Manufacturing companies complete the productions the production of thousands of products each day. they ship thousands of orders and receive payments from thousands of customers each day.
Insurance companies receive thousands of orders and receive payments from thousands of customers each day.
Software.
-Software is a program that gives instructions to a computer. Thousands pf programs are available. Three broad categories of software are discussed below
Networks.
-A computer network links two or more computers so they can share information. Networks are also used to link computers and other types of hardware.
Local Area Networks.
-A network used to link computers that are close to each others usually within several hundred feet is a local area network (LAN).
Wide Area Networks
-A wide area network (WAN) links computers that are separated by long distances.
Connecting to the Internet.
-Many government offices, schools, and companies have direct Internet access through their LAN or Wan.
Maintenance.
-Companies use and rely on computers systems daily. The computers and networks must be maintained properly to stay in good working order.
Security.
-Businesses depend on their computer networks to process orders and provide needed data. Stored data must be kept safe from accidental damage or theft
Two type of security:
Security risks
Security Measures.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND RESOURCES
Typical Systems and Resources
-Information technology refers to the computer equipment and software used to process information. Technology is only one part of managing information.
Information Systems
-Information systems help employees complete their daily work. The systems found in a company relate to business activities. Accounting and sales are examples of these activities.
Accounting Information Systems
A billing clerk prepares invoices and computes amounts due.
The Credit Department manager approves credit for a customer.
The controller prepares the annual budget and recommends ways to increase profits.
Marketing Information Systems
A particular marketing approach is successful.
A customer is satisfied with the product or services.
A customer intnds to make future purchases from the company.
Products Information Systems.
A stock control clerk checks the inventory of raw materials and processes.
A receiving clerk scans bar code labels on incoming shipments to create a record of goods received.
A production manager locates purchases order data for goods used to calculate production costs.
A production worker completes an assembly operation. A part number is scanned to enter the quantity of completed products.
An accounts payable clerk verifies invoices and receipt of goods before approving payment for purchases.
Department manager uses prior months's financial data in creating a budget.
Marketing Resources.
-Companies can get information from many sources. Much of the information a business uses comes from within the company.
Electronics Resources.
-With changes in information technology come new sources and new ways to access information. Electronic resources are often called online resources.
Electronic Databases.
-A database is a collection of related data. Use of electronic databases has grown rapidly in the past few years. Electronic databases are available on company networks and the Internet.
Tablet Computers.
-A tablet computer provides another means for retrieving information. Tablets can be used to store a variety of data, from a list of schedules and appointments to photos to a reference text.
Intranets.
-Intranets are internal network based on Internet technologies and standards. The intranet may reside on a company's LAN or be part of a WAN.
The Internet.
-The internet is giant network of computers and smaller networks that spans the globe. It is world's largest information resource.
Finding and Sharing Information.
Web browsers.
Search tools.
Transferring Files.
Email.
Discussion groups.
Wikis.
Blogs.
Promoting Organizations.
-Many Organizations are going online for promoting purpose. For examples, many college have sites with information about their programs.
E-commerce-Buying and Selling Online.
-Business are changing the ways they acquire, use, and share information. The amazing growth of the Internet is part of the reason for this change.