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C1. Particles - Coggle Diagram
C1. Particles
The particle model
Limitations
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Massive amounts of empty space unaccounted for. Empty space between helium atoms in gas state is 55 X more then diameter
Electrostatic forces (attraction between positive and negative charges) become weaker as distance increases. unaccounted for by particle model
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Chemical changes
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During chemical changes, particles break up and form together in new ways
Physical changes
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During physical changes, particles arrangement and movement changes
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Isotopes
Periodic table gives element symbol, and two numbers. Top number is mass number, total number of Protons and Neutrons. Bottom number is atomic number (number of protons in nucleus)
Isotopes are elements with same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. Same atomic number, but mass number is different.
Isotopes can be named after mass number, eg Hydrogen-2 for 2/1 H, Or they can be identified with full chemical symbols eg 2/1 H
Ions
Charged particles. different number of electrons then protons. Electrons lost or gained. Written as Na+, O2-