Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy

Conservative and Nonconservative Forces

Conservative forces

Nonconservative forces

work done depends only on the initial and final positions, independent of the path taken

work done depends not only on the initial point and ending point, but also the path taken.

net work done by the force on an object moving around any closed path is zero

Eg: Gravitaional, elastic, electrical

Eg: friction, air resistance, tension in cord

Potential Energy

is a property of a system as a whole, not just of the object but also depends on external forces

U = mgy

F = -kx

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Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation

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if no nonconservative forces, sum of change in kinetic energy and in the potential energy is zero and E=K + U

The principle of conservation of mechanical energy states that if only conservative forces are doing work, the total mechanical energy of a system neither increases nor decreases in any process. It stays constant-it is conserved

Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy

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The Law of Conservation of Energy

Nonconservative forces do not conserve mechanical energy

K + U + change in other forms of energy = 0

Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity

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Power

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Unit = watts(W)

1hp = 746W

P = Fv

Potential Energy Diagram

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