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Bed Bugs Bite Back - Thanks To Evolution, Group member, References -…
Bed Bugs Bite Back - Thanks To Evolution
Pesticide Resistance
New Methods
Natural repellent sprays
Heat
Non-chemical ways
Reasons
Short generation times
Genetic ability to evolve rapidly
Immune to various types of pesticide including neonicotinoids, which is the most used insecticide in the world.(McGrath, 2016)
IPM Reducing Problems on Pesticide Resistance
Minimize Pesticides Use
IPM will determine the best application timing for pesticides, thus reduce number of pesticides use
Use of nonchemical strategies: pest elimination (screening), host-free periods, crop rotation, biological control, weed control
Avoid Persistent Chemicals
Use in rotation scheme to provide control needed and with minimum length of exposure
Field Monitoring
Use research-based sampling procedures to determine pesticides use and best application timing
Use Long-term Rotations
Pesticide with same modes of action are assigned in same group number by pesticide resistance action committees (IRAC: Insecticide Resistance Action Committee, FRAC: Fungicide Resistance Action Committee, HRAC: Herbicide Resistance Action Committee)
Group numbers have been included in treatment tables to clarify when rotating pesticides which ones can rotate
Strategies used in rotations differ. For example, with fungicides, classes are rotated every application; with insecticides, a single chemical class is used for single generation.
Avoid Tank Mixes
Avoid mixes two insecticides with same mode of action (organophosphates acephate and malathion), it will increase selection for resistant pests
Use different types of application in different stage of insect. For example, insect growth regulators is applies as spray in immature stage of insect while using aerosol or smoke to kill mature stage of insect
Bed Bugs Resistance
Resistance to pesticides has restricted the ability to manage bed bug populations because the pesticide is no longer effective to kill them.
Resistance indicates a change in the genetic composition of bed bug population in response to selection by a pesticide over time.
Pesticide resistance is the genetic ability of the pest population to survive pesticides.
Appeared since 1990s
Harmful Effects
.
Anxiety
Avoidance behaviour
Insomnia
Personal dysfunction
Hypervigilance
Psychiatric consequences ( psychotic and affective)
Flashback of infestation (phobia)
Bipolar disorder
Psychological distress with nightmares
Alcoholism
Group 1
Drosophila lurida
Ms. Y's suicide
It triggered of negative psychological state
(pathological fear of bug).
As bed bugs are extremely hard to eradicate, it can cause a stressful situation especially someone emotionally and mentally unstable.
Yes
Research show that bed bug can cause anxiety, depression and paranoia.
Group member
Nurin Naqiyah binti Mohd Jefry 65119
Vanessa Vivian 65252
Tay Ru Jun 67908
Christilia anak Clement 64683
Chua Ching Choon 65695
Elvia Chong Qi Ern 65863
Tan Siew Wen 67892
References
Candy, K., Akhoundi, M., Bruel, C., & Izri, A. (2018). Ineffectiveness of insecticide bendiocarb against a
Cimex lectularius
(hemiptera: cimicidae) population in Paris, France.
Journal of Medical Entomology, 55(6)
, 1648-1650.
Cloyd, R. O. A., & Chase, A. R. (2019). What is pesticide resistance?
Greenhouse management.
Retrieved from
https://www.greenhousemag.com/article/pest-disease-what-is-pesticide
resistance/
Eveleth, R. (2014).
Bed-bug madness: The physiological toll.
Retrieved from
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/10/bed-bug-madness-the-psychological-toll-of-the-blood-suckers/381447/
McGrath, M. (2016).
Bed bugs develop resistance to widely used insecticides.
Retrieved from
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35421742
UC IPM. (2009). How to manage pests.
Pest Management Guidelines: Floriculture and Ornamental Nurseries.
Retrieved from
http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r280390311.html#REFERENCE
Buhler, W. (n.d.). Take steps to avoid insecticide resistance.
Pesticide Environmental Stewarship.
Retrieved from
https://pesticidestewardship.org/resistance/insecticide-resistance/take-steps-to-avoid-insecticide-resistance/